Abstract
Glycosyltransferases are increasingly being used for in vitro synthesis of oligosaccharides. Since these enzymes are difficult to purify from natural sources, expression systems for soluble forms of the recombinant enzymes have been developed. This review focuses on the current state of development of yeast expression systems. Two yeast species have mainly been used, i.e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris. Safety and ease of fermentation are well recognized for S. cerevisiae as a biotechnological expression system; however, even soluble forms of recombinant glycosyltransferases are not secreted. In some cases, hyperglycosylation may occur, P. pastoris, by contrast, secrete soluble orthoglycosylated forms to the supernatant where they can be recovered in a highly purified form.
The review also covers some basic features of yeast fermentation and describes in some detail those glycosyltransferases that have successfully been expressed in yeasts. These include β1,4galactosyltransferase, α2,6sialyltransferase, α2,3sialyltransferase, α1,3fucosyltransferase III and VI and α1,2mannosyltransferase. Current efforts in introducing glycosylation systems of higher eukaryotes into yeasts are briefly addressed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Varki A (1993) Glycobiology 3: 97–130.
Yarema KJ, Bertozzi CR (1998) Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2: 49–61.
McEver RP (1997) Glycoconj J 14: 585–91.
Hayden FG, Osterhaus AD, Treanor JJ, Fleming DM, Aoki FY, Nicholson KG, Bohnen AM, Hirst HM, Keene O, Wightman K (1997) N Engl J Med 337: 874–80.
Stahl PD, Ezekowitz RAB (1998) Current Opinion in Immunology 10: 50–5.
Bach FH (1998) Annu Rev Med 49: 301–10.
Bowman KG, Hemmerich S, Bhakta S, Singer MS, Bistrup A, Rosen SD, Bertozzi CR (1998) Chem & Biol 5: 447–60.
Cooper DK, Koren E, Oriol R (1994) Immunol Rev 141: 31–58.
Winn R, Vedder N, Ramamoorthy C, Sharar S, Harlan J (1998) Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 9 Suppl 2: S17–23.
Briggs JB, Oda Y, Gilbert JH, Schaefer ME, Macher BA (1995) Glycobiology 5: 583–88.
Garegg PJ (1997) Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 52: 179–205.
Sadler JE, Beyer TA, Oppenheimer CL, Paulson JC, Prieels J-P, Rearick JI, Hill RL (1982) Meth Enzymol 83: 458–514.
Kleene R, Berger EG (1993) Biochim Biophys Acta 1154: pp283–325.
Schachter H (1994) In Molecular Glycobiology (Fukuda M, Hindsgaul O, eds) pp 88–162. Oxford: IRL Press.
Tsuji S (1996) J Biochem 120: 1–13
Tsuji S, Datta AK, Paulson JC (1996) Glycobiology 6: R 5–7.
Breton C, Bettler E, Joziasse DH, Geremia RA, Imberty A (1998) J Biochem 123: 1000–9.
Almeida R, Amado M, David A, Levery SB, Holmes EH, Merkx G, Vankessel AG, Rygaard E, Hassan H, Bennett EP, Clausen H (1997) J Biol Chem 272: 31979–91.
Hennet T, Dinter A, Kuhnert P, Mattu TS, Rudd PM, Berger EG (1998) J Biol Chem 273: 58–65.
Amado M, Almeida R, Carneiro F, Levery SB, Holmes EH, Nomoto M, Hollingsworth MA, Hassan H, Schwientek T, Nielsen PA, Bennett EP, Clausen H (1998) J Biol Chem 273: pp12770–78.
Mollicone R, Candelier JJ, Reguigne I, Couillin P, Fletcher A, Oriol R (1994) Transfus Clin Biol 1: 91–7.
Lowe JB (1997) Kidney International 51: 1418–26.
Taniguchi N, Ihara Y (1995) Glycoconjugate J 12: 733–38.
Bennett EP, Weghuis DO, Merkx G, Vankessel AG, Eiberg H, Clausen H (1998) Glycobiology 8: 547–55.
Clausen H, Bennett EP (1996) Glycobiology 6: 635–46.
Furukawa K, Soejima H, Niikawa N, Shiku H, Furukawa K (1996) J Biol Chem 271: 20836–844.
Burda P, Aebi M (1999) Biochim Biophys Acta 1426: 239–257.
Watt GM, Revers L, Webberley MC, Wilson IB, Flitsch SL (1997) Carbohydr Res 305: 533–41.
Baisch G, Oehrlein R, Ernst B (1996) Bioorg Med Chem Lett 6: pp749–54.
Baisch G, Oehrlein R, Katopodis A, Ernst B (1996) Bioorg Med Chem Lett 6: 759–62.
Scragg AH (1991) In Biochem Biotechnology: Ellis Horwood Series New York NY: Horwood.
Bonnet JA, de Kok HE, Roels JA (1980) Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 46: 565–76.
Fiechter A, Fuhrmann GF, Käppli O (1981) Adv Microb Physiol 22: 123–83.
Anthony C (1982) The Biochemistry of Methylotrophs. New York: Academic Press, pp 269–95.
Romanos MA (1995) Current Opinion Biotechnol 6: 527–33.
Tottrup HV, Carlsen S (1990) Biotechnol Bioengineering 35: pp339–48.
Talmont F, Sidobre S, Demange P, Milon A, Emorine LJ (1996) FEBSLett 394: 268–72.
Weiss HM, Haase W, Michel H, Reiländer H (1995) FEBS Lett 377: 451–56.
Gallet PF, Vaujour H, Petit JM, Maftah A, Oulmouden A, Oriol R, Lenarvor C, Guilloton M, Julien R (1998) Glycobiology 8: pp919–25.
Siegel RS, Brierley RA (1989) Biotechnol Bioengineering 34: pp403–4.
Digan ME, Lair SV, Brierley RA, Siegel RS, Williams ME, Ellis SB, Kellaris PA, Provow SA, Craig WS, Velicelebi G, Arpold MM, Thill GP (1989) Bio/Technology 7: 160–64.
Clare JJ, Rayment FB, Ballantine SP, Sreekrishna K, Romanos MA (1991) Bio/Technology 9: 455–60.
Rose AB, Broach JR (1990) Meth Enzymol 185: 234–79.
Schneider JC, Guarente L (1991) Meth Enzymol 194: 373–88.
Moracci M, La Volpe A, Pulitzer JF, Rossi M, Ciaramella M (1992) J Bacteriol 174: 873–82.
Smith RA, Duncan MJ, Moir DT (1985) Science 229: 1219–24.
Rothstein R (1991) Meth Enzymol 194: 281–301.
Hitzeman RA, Hagie FE, Levine HL, Goeddel DV, Ammerer G, Hall BD (1981) Nature 293: 717–22.
Tuite MF, Dobson MJ, Roberts NA, King RM, Burke DC, Kingsman SM, Kingsman AJ (1982) EMBO J 1: 603–8.
Moir DT, Davidow LS (1991) Meth Enzymol 194: 491–507.
Melnick LM, Turner BG, Puma P, Price-Tillotson B, Salvato KA, Dumais DR, Moir DT, Broeze RJ, Avgerinos GC (1990) J Biol Chem 265: 801–7.
Holland JP, Holland MJ (1980) J Biol Chem 255: 2596–605.
Price VL, Taylor WE, Clevenger W, Worthington M, Young ET (1990) Meth Enzymol 185: 308–18.
Hinnen A, Meyhack B, Heim J (1989) In Yeast Genetic Engineering (Brake PJ, and Valenzuela P, eds) Butterworths, pp 193–213.
Guarente L, Ptashne M (1981) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 2199–203.
Etcheverry T (1990) Meth Enzymol 185: 319–29.
Sudbery PE, Gleeson MA, Veale RA, Ledeboer AM, Zoetmulder MC (1988) Biochem Soc Trans 16: 1081–83.
Giuseppin MLF, van Eijk HMJ, Bes BCM (1988) Biotechnol Bioengineering 32: 577–83.
St John TP, Davis RW (1981) J Mol Biol 152: 285–315.
Vogel K, Hinnen A (1990) Mol Microbiol 4: 2013–18.
Shuster JR (1989) In Yeast Genetic Engineering (Barr PJ, Brake AJ, Valenzuela P, eds) Butterworths, pp 83–108.
Cousens LS, Shuster JR, Gallegos C, Ku LL, Stempien MM, Urdea MS, Sanchez-Pescador R, Taylor A, Tekamp-Olson P (1987) Gene 61: 265–75.
Renaud JP, Cullin C, Pompon D, Beaune P, Mansuy D (1990) Eur J Biochem 194: 889–96.
Janowicz ZA, Melber K, Merckelbach A, Jacobs E, Hartford N, Comberbach M, Hollenberg CP (1991) Yeast 7: 431–43.
Kaiser CA, Preuss D, Grisafi P, Botstein D (1987) Science 235: 312–17.
Roggenkamp R, Kustermann-Kuhn B, Hollenberg CP (1981) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 4466–70.
Hitzeman RA, Leung DW, Perry LJ, Kohr WJ, Levine HL, Goeddel DV (1983) Science 219: 620–25.
Wood CR, Boss MA, Kenten JH, Calvert JE, Roberts NA, Emtage JS (1985) Nature 314: 446–49.
Sato T, Uemura H, Izumoto Y, Nakao J, Nakamura Y, Matsubara K (1989) Gene 83: 355–65.
Chang CN, Matteucci M, Perry LJ, Wulf JJ, Chen CY, Hitzeman RA (1986) Mol Cell Biol 6: 812–19.
Singh A, Lugovoy JM, Kohr WJ, Perry LJ (1984) Nucleic Acids Res 12: 8927–38.
Bitter GA, Chen KK, Banks AR, Lai PH (1984) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 5330–34.
Brake AJ, Merryweather JP, Coit DG, Heberlein UA, Masiarz FR, Mullenbach GT, Urdea MS, Valenzuela P, Barr PJ (1984) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 4642–46.
Henikoff S, Furlong CE (1983) Nucleic Acids Res 11: 789–800.
Zaret KS, Sherman F (1984) J Mol Biol 177: 107–35.
Romanos MA, Scorer CA, Clare JJ (1992) Yeast 8: 423–88.
Marino MH (1989) BioPharm 2: 18–33.
Makrides SC (1996) Microbiol Rev 60: 512–38.
Eckart MR, Bussineau CM (1996) Curr Opin Biotechnol 7: 525–30.
Meynial-Salles I, Combes D (1996) J Biotechnol 46: 1–14.
Montreuil J, Vliegenthart JFG, Schachter H (1995) Glycoproteins, Vol 29a Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Hagen FK, Van Wuyckhuyse B, Tabak LA (1993) J Biol Chem 268: 18960–65.
Potvin B, Stanley P (1991) Cell Regul 2: 989–1000.
LaMont JT, Gammon MG, Isselbacher KJ (1977) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 1086–90.
Strous GJ, Berger EG (1982) J Biol Chem 257: 7623–28.
Kukuruzinska MA, Bergh MLE, Jackson BJ (1987) Annu Rev Biochem 56: 915–44.
Datar RV, Cartwright T, Rosen CG (1993) Biotechnology 11: pp349–57.
Datta AK, Paulson JC (1995) J Biol Chem 270: 1497–1500.
Datta AK, Paulson JC (1997) Indian J Biochem Biophys 34: pp157–65.
Mattila P, Joutsjoki V, Kaitera E, Majuri ML, Niittymaki J, Saris N, Maaheimo H, Renkonen O, Renkonen R, Makarow M (1996) Glycobiology 6: 851–59.
Krezdorn CH, Kleene RB, Watzele M, Ivanov SX, Hokke CH, Kamerling JP, Berger EG (1994) Eur J Biochem 220: 809–17.
Borsig L, Ivanov SX, Herrmann GF, Kragl U, Wandrey C, Berger EG (1995) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 210: 14–20.
Malissard M, Berger EG (1998) USGEB98 Lausanne.
Wen DX, Livingston BD, Medzihradszky KF, Kelm S, Burlingame AL, Paulson JC (1992) J Biol Chem 267: 21011–19.
Simonen M, Vihinen H, Jamsa E, Arumae U, Kalkkinen N, Makarow M (1996) Yeast 12: 457–66.
Williams MA, Kitagawa H, Datta AK, Paulson JC, Jamieson JC (1995) Glycoconjugate J 12: 755–61.
Zimmermann R (1998) Biol Chem 379: 275–82.
Van Dorst JALM, Tikkanen JM, Krezdorn CH, Streiff MB, Berger EG, Vankuik JA, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JFG (1996) Eur J Biochem 242: 674–81.
Berger EG, Malissard M (1997) In Human Protein Data (Haeberli A, ed) Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.
Krezdorn CH, Watzele G, Kleene RB, Ivanov SX, Berger EG (1993) Eur J Biochem 212: 113–20.
Schwientek T, Ernst JF (1994) Gene 145: 299–303.
Schwientek T, Narimatsu H, Ernst JF (1996) J Biol Chem 271: 3398–405.
Malissard M, Borsig L, DiMarco S, Grütter MG, Kragl U, Wandrey C, Berger EG (1996) Eur J Biochem 239: 340–48.
Kleene R, Krezdorn CH, Watzele G, Meyhack B, Herrmann GF, Wandrey C, Berger EG (1994) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 201: 160–67.
Herrmann GF, Krezdorn CH, Malissard M, Kleene R, Paschold H, Weuster-Botz D, Kragl U, Berger EG, Wandrey C (1995) Prot Express Purif 6: 72–8.
Borsig L, Berger EG, Malissard M (1997) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 240: 586–89.
Riederer MA, Hinnen A (1991) J Bacteriol 173: 3539–46.
Aikawa J, Yamashita T, Nishiyama M, Horinouchi S, Beppu T (1990) J Biol Chem 265: 13955–59.
Gill GS, Zaworski PG, Marotti KR, Rehberg EF (1990) Biotechnology 8: 956–58.
Zhu A, Wang ZK, Beavis R (1998) Arch Biochem Biophys 352: 1–8.
Tsujikawa M, Okabayashi K, Morita M, Tanabe T (1996) Yeast 12: 541–53.
Watt GM, Lowden PA, Flitsch SL (1997) Curr Opin Struct Biol 7: 52–60.
Guo Z, Wang PG (1997) Appl Biochem Biotechnol 68: 1–20.
Elling L (1997) Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 58: 89–144.
Barker R, Olsen KW, Shaper JH, Hill RL (1972) J Biol Chem 247: 7135–47.
Herrmann GF, Elling L, Krezdorn CH, Kleene R, Berger EG, Wandrey C (1995) Bioorg Med Chem Lett 5: 673–76.
Berger EG, Greber UF, Mosbach K (1986) FEBS Lett 203: 64–8.
Unverzagt C (1997) Carbohydr Res 305: 423–31.
Hokke CH, Zervosen A, Elling L, Joziasse DH, van den Eijnden DH (1996) Glycoconjugate J 13: 687–92.
Scudder PR, Shailubhai K, Duffin KL, Streeter PR, Jacob GS (1994) Glycobiology 4: 929–32.
Oehrlein R, Ernst B, Berger EG (1992) Carbohydr Res 236: 335–38.
Oehrlein R, Hindsgaul O, Palcic MM (1993) Carbohydr Res 244: 149–59.
Witte K, Sears P, Martin R, Wong CH (1997) JAm Chem Soc 119: 2114–18.
Ju JM, Kean EL (1992) Exp Eye Res 55: 589–604.
Schneider R, Hammel M, Berger EG, Ghisalba O, Nuesch J, Gygax D (1990) Glycoconjugate J 7: 589–600.
Cameron HS, Szczepaniak D, Weston BW (1995) J Biol Chem 270: 20112–122.
Mas E, Pasqualini E, Caillol N, Elbattari A, Crotte C, Lombardo D, Sadoulet MO (1998) Glycobiology 8: 605–13.
Murray BW, Takayama S, Schultz J, Wong CH (1996) Biochemistry 35: 11183–95.
Qiao L, Murray BW, Shimazaki M, Schultz J, Wong CH (1996) J Am Chem Soc 118: 7653–62.
Romero PA, Lussier M, Sdicu AM, Bussey H, Herscovics A (1997) Biochem J 321: 289–95.
Roth J (1997) In The Golgi Apparatus (Berger EG, Roth J, eds) pp 131–62. Basel: Birkhäuser.
Chiba Y, Suzuki M, Yoshida S, Yoshida A, Ikenaga H, Takeuchi M, Jigami Y, Ichishima K (1998) J Biol Chem 273: 26298–304.
Roy SK, Yoko-o T, Ikenaga H, Jigami Y (1998) J Biol Chem 273: 83–90.
Paulson JC, Colley KJ (1989) J Biol Chem 264: 17615–18.
Colley KJ, Lee EU, Adler B, Browne JK, Paulson JC (1989) J Biol Chem 264: 17619–22.
Zigova J, Mahle M, Paschold H, Malissard M, Berger EG, Weuster-Botz D (1999) Enzyme and Microbiol Technology, in press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Malissard, M., Zeng, S. & Berger, E.G. The yeast expression system for recombinant glycosyltransferases. Glycoconj J 16, 125–139 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007055525789
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007055525789