Abstract
Male Wistar rats (12 rats/group) were fed a diet containing 8 wt % coconut oil or groundnut oil or cod-liver oil for a total period of 8 weeks. The diets were also supplemented with 2 wt % groundnut oil for providing essential fatty acids. During the last 2 weeks, 6 rats form each group were additionally given curcumin (30 mg/kg body wt/day) or capsaicin (5 mg/kg body wt/day) in 1 ml groundnut oil. The peritoneal macrophages from rats fed cod-liver oil diet secreted lower levels of lysosomal enzymes collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase as compared to those from rats fed coconut oil or groundnut oil diets. Curcumin and capsaicin significantly lowered the secretion of these lysosomal enzymes from macrophages in animals given coconut oil or groundnut oil diet. Macrophages from rats fed cod-liver oil secreted lower amounts of prostaglandin E2, 6-keto PGF1a, leukotrienes B4and C4and also incorporated lesser amounts of [3H]-arachidonic acid as compared to those given coconut oil or groundnut oil diets. Curcumin and capsaicin lowered the secretion of these eicosanoids and decreased the incorporation of [3H]-arachidonic acid in macrophage lipids. However curcumin and capsaicin significantly increased the secretion of 6-keto PGF1ain all the groups of animals. These studies indicated that dietary cod-liver oil (rich in n-3 fatty acids), and spice principles curcumin and capsaicin can lower the secretory functions of macrophages in a beneficial manner.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Harris JR: Rheumatoid arthritis: Pathophysiology and implications for therapy. Ann Rheum Dis 51: 577-580, 1990
Clayton J: Confusion in the joints. New Scientist 130: 40-43, 1991
Henderson B, Pettipher ER, Higgs GA: Mediators of rheumatoid arthritis. Br Med Bull 43: 415-428, 1987
Das UN: Oxyradicals and their clinical implications. Curr Sci 65: 964-968, 1993
Snedegard G: Mediators of vascular permeability in inflammation. Prog Apl Microcric 7: 96-112, 1985
Knisella JE, Lokesh B: Dietary lipids, eicosanoids and the immune system. Crit Care Med 18: S94-S113, 1990
Sperling RI, Weinblatt M, Robin JL, Ravalese J, Hoover RL, Hoarse F, Lablyn JS, Fraser PA, Spur BW, Robinson DR, Lewis RA, Austen KF: Effects of dietary supplementation with marine fish oil on leucocyte lipid mediator generation and function in rheumatoid arthritis. Arth Rheum 30: 988-997, 1987
Kinsella JE, Lokesh BR, Broughton S, Whelan J: Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids: Dietary effects on the modulation of inflammatory and immune cells: An overview. Nutrition 5(suppl): 24-44, 1989
Pulla Reddy A.Ch, Lokesh BR: Studies on anti-inflammatory activity of spice principles and dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on carrageenan induced inflammation in rats. Ann Nutr Metab 38: 349-358, 1994
Joe B, Lokesh BR: Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, capsiacin and curcumin on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. J Nutr Biochem 8: 397-407, 1997
Joe B, Lokesh BR: Role of capsaicin, curcumin and dietary n-3 fatty acids in lowering the generation of reactive oxygen species in rat peritoneal macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta 1224: 255-263, 1994
Pulla Reddy A Ch, Lokesh BR: Effect of curcumin and eugenol in iron-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. Toxicology 107: 39-45, 1996
Joe B, Lokesh BR: Effect of curcumin and capsaicin on arachidonic acid metabolism and lysosomal enzyme secretion by rat peritoneal macrophages. Lipids 32: 1173-1180, 1997
American Institute of Nutrition: Report of the AIN ad-hoc Committee on Standards for Nutritional Studies. J Nutr 107: 1340-1348, 1977
Bligh EG, Dyer WJ: A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem. Physiol 37: 911-917, 1959
Morrison MR, Smith LM: Preparation of fatty acid methyl ester and dimethyl acetate from lipid with boron trifluoride methanol. J Lipid Res 5: 600-607, 1964
Nagai Y, Masui Y, Sakakihara S: Substrate specificity of vertebrate collagenease. Biochim Biophys Acta 445: 521-524, 1976
Kawabata K, Suzuki M, Sugitani M, Imao K, Toda M, Miyamoto T: ONO-5046, A novel inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 177: 814-820, 1991
Bonner WM, Cantey EY: Colorimetric method for the determination of serum hyaluronidase activity. Clin Chim Acta 13: 746-752, 1966
Lokesh BR, Hseih HL, Kinsella JE: Alterations in the lipids and prostaglandins in mouse spleen following the ingestion of menhaden oil. Ann Nutr Metab 30: 357-364, 1986
Lokesh BR, German B, Kinsella JE: Differential effects of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid on suppression of lipoxygenase pathway in peritoneal macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta 958: 99-107, 1988
Lokesh BR, Kinsella JE: Intracellular calcium does not appear to be essential for arachidonic acid release from stimulated macrophages as shown by studies with Quin-2. Biochim Biophys Acta 845: 101-108, 1985
Sedmak JJ, Grossberg E: Rapid, sensitive and versatile assay for protein using Coomassie brilliant blue G-250. Anal Biochem 79: 544-552, 1977
Dowdy S, Wearden S: Statistics for Research. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1983
Gronski TJ, Martin RL, Kobayashi DK, Walsch BC, Holman MC, Huber M, Van Wart HE, Shapiro SD: Hydrolysis of a broad spectrum of extracellular matrix proteins by human macrophage elastase. J Biol Chem 272: 12189-12194, 1997
Kremer JM, Jubiz W, Michalek AV, Rynes RI, Bartholomess LE, Bigasuette J, Timchalk M, Beeler D, Liniger L: Fish oil fatty acid supplementation in active rheumatoid arthritis. A double-blind controlled cross over study. Ann Intern Med 106: 497-503, 1987
McColl SR, Whitehouse MW, Cleland LG, Hurst NP: Dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids reduces severity of adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. Br J Rheumatol 25: 106, 1986
Nirmala C, Puvanakrishnan R: Effect of curcumin on certain lysosomal hydrolases in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 51: 47-51, 1996
Srivastava V, Srimal KC: Modification of certain inflammation induced biochemical changes by curcumin. Ind J Med Res 81: 215-223, 1985
Corcoran LM, Stevenson WGS, DeWitt DL, Wahl LM: Effect of cholera toxin and pertussis toxin on prostaglandin H synthase-2, prostaglandins E2 and matrix metalloproteinase production by human monocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 310: 481-488, 1994
Finlay C, Davies P, Allison AC: Changes in cellular enzyme levels and the inhibition of selective release of lysosomal hydrolases from macrophages by indomethacin. Agents Action 5: 345-353, 1975
McMillan RM, Macintyre DE, Beasley JE, Gordan JL: Regulation of macrophage lysosomal enzyme secretion: role of arachidonate metabolites, divalent cations and cyclic AMP. J Cell Sci 44: 299-315, 1980
Burgoyne RD, Morgan A: The control of free arachidonic acid levels. Trends Biochem Sci 15: 365-366, 1990
Leonardi JE, Termine E, Morand R, Lafont H, Portugal H, Lafort H, Nalbone G: Effects of dietary lipids on lipid composition and phospholipid deacylating enzymes of rat heart. Lipids 22: 517-522, 1987
Shimizu S, Jaseonkitmongkol S, Kawashima H, Akimoto K, Yamada H: Inhibitory effect of curcumin on fatty acid desaturation in Mortierella alpina IS-4 and rat liver microsomes. Lipids 27: 487-496, 1992
Kinsella JE, Broughton KS, Whelan JW: Dietary unsaturated fatty acids: Interactions and possible needs in relation to eicosanoid synthesis. J Nutr Biochem 1: 123-141, 1990
Govindarajan VS, Sathanarayana MN: Capsaicin–production, technology, chemistry and quality. Part V. Impact on physiology, pharmacology, nutrition and metabolism: Structure, pungency, pain and desensitisation sequences. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 29: 435-474, 1990
Winter J, Bevan S, Campbell EA: Capsaicin and pain mechanisms. Br J Anaesth 75: 157-168, 1995
Porreca F: Therapeutic potential of capsaicin-like molecules. Life Sci 51: 1759-1781, 1992
Srivastava KC, Bordia A, Verma SK: Curcumin, a major component of food spice turmeric (curcuma longa) inhibits aggregation and alters eicosanoid metabolism in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Essent Fatty Acids 52: 223-225, 1995
Pulla Reddy A.Ch, Lokesh BR: Studies on the inhibitory effects of curcumin and eugenol on the formation of reactive oxygen species and the oxidation of ferrous iron. Mol Cell Biochem 137: 1-8, 1994
Srimal RC: Curcumin–a modern drug. Indian Spices 30: 21-25, 1993
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Joe, B., Lokesh, B. Dietary n-3 fatty acids, curcumin and capsaicin lower the release of lysosomal enzymes and eicosanoids in rat peritoneal macrophages. Mol Cell Biochem 203, 153–161 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007005605869
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007005605869