Abstract
Little is known about the changes in pancreatic enzyme storage in acute pancreatitis. We have performed flow cytometric studies of zymogen granules from rats with acute pancreatitis induced by hyperstimulation with caerulein. A comparison was made with rats treated with hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg/day) over 7 days before inducing pancreatitis in order to find out whether the amount of enzymes stored in the pancreas plays a key role in the development of pancreatitis. The potentially therapeutic effect of L-364,718 (0.1 mg/kg/day, for 7 days), a CCK receptor antagonist, was assayed in the rats with caerulein-induced pancreatitis which had previously received the hydrocortisone treatment. A significant increase in the intragranular enzyme content was observed 5 h after hyperstimulation with caerulein. The highest values were reached in the rats previously treated with hydrocortisone. The greatest pancreatic enzyme load was parallel to the highest values in plasma amylase, edema and haematocrit observed. Acute pancreatitis was reversed seven days later. At this stage smaller granules appeared in the pancreas whose enzyme content was similar to that of controls when no treatment was applied after pancreatitis. In contrast, L-364,718 administration prevented the favourable evolution of pancreatitis since the antagonism exerted on CCK receptors induced a blockade of secretion of the large amounts of enzymes stored in the pancreas. Moreover, the enzyme content in zymogen granules was below normal values since the stimulatory CCK action on enzyme synthesis can be inhibited by L-364,718. Our results suggest that the efficiency of CCK antagonists, as potential therapy, would also depend on the load of enzymes in the pancreas when acute pancreatitis is produced.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rail L, Pictet R, Githens S, Rutter WJ: Glucocorticoids modulate the in vitro development of the embryogenic rat pancreas. J Cell Biol 75: 398–409, 1977
Garteman H, Zeitz M, Emde C, Stelzer M, Riecken EO: Three days continuous drainage of pancreatic juice in the cortisone-treated conscious rat: Analysis of enzyme activities and ultrastructural changes. Cell Tissue Res 242: 191–196, 1995
Manso MA, García-Montero AC, Rodríguez AI, Orfao A, De Dios I: Hydrocortisone induces an increase of amylase content in individual zymogen granules from rat pancreas. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 62: 439–448, 1997
Manso MA, De Dios I, San Román JI, Martin M, López MA: Exocrine pancreatic response to CCK in rats after long-term hydrocortisone administration. Peptides 11: 237–242, 1990
De Dios I, Manso MA: Effect of L-364,718 (CCK receptor antagonist) on exocrine pancreatic secretion of hydrocortisonetreated rats. Pancreas 9: 212–218, 1994
Gomez G, Townsend CM, Green D, Rajaraman S, Uchida T, Thompson J: Involvement of cholecystokinin receptors in the adverse effect of glucocorticoids on diet-induced necrotizing pancreatitis. Surgery 105: 230–238, 1989
Manso MA, Rebollo A, Pescador R, De Dios I: Action of CCK on CDE diet-induced acute pancreatitis in rats treated with hydrocortisone. Comp Biochem Physiol 111: 257–263, 1995
García-Montero AC, Manso MA, Rodríguez AI, De Dios I: Therapeutic and protective effect of subcutaneous injections of L-364,718 on caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 9: 309–315, 1994
Pescador R, Manso MA, Rebollo AJ, De Dios I: Effect of chronic administration of hydrocortisone on the induction and evolution of acute pancreatitis induced by cerulein. Pancreas 11: 165–172, 1995
Majumdar APN, Nielsen H: Influence of glucocorticoids on prenatal development of the gut and pancreas in rats. Scand J Gastroenterol 20: 65–71, 1985
Niederau C, Niederau M, Lüthen R, Strohmeyer G, Ferrell LD, Grendell JH: Pancreatic exocrine secretion in acute experimental pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 99: 1120–1127, 1990
Saluja A, Saito I, Saluja M, Houlihan MJ, Powers RE, Meldolesi J, Steer M: In vivo rat pancreatic acinar cell function during supramaximal stimulation with caerulein. Am J Physiol 249: G702–G710, 1985
Rao KN, Tuma J: Acute hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis in mice. Intraparenchymal activation of zymogens and other enzyme changes in pancreas and serum. Gastroenterology 70: 720–726, 1976
Schmidt J, Fernández-del-Castillo C, Rattner D, Lewandrowski K, Compton C, Warshow A: Trypsinogen-activation peptide in experimental rat pancreatitis: Prognostic implications and histopathologic correlates. Gastroenterology 103: 1009–1016, 1992
Yamaguchi HT, Kimura K, Nawata H: Activation of proteases in caerulein-induced pancreatitis. Pancreas 4: 565–571, 1989
De Dios I, Rodríguez A, García-Montero A, Orfao A, Manso MA: Enzyme changes in zymogen granules and in pancreatic secretion throughout long-term CCK treatment. Peptides 18: 101–110, 1997
Tani S, Otsuki M, Itoh H, Fujii M, Nakamura T, Oka T, Baba S: Histologic and biochemical alterations in experimental acute pancreatitis induced by supramaximal caerulein stimulation. Int J Pancreatol 2: 337–348, 1987
Otsuki M, Okabayashi Y, Ohki A, Suheiro I, Baba S: Dual effects of hydrocortisone on exocrine rat pancreas. Gastroenterology 93: 1398–1403, 1987
Noelting G, Bernfeld P: Sur les enzimes amylolitiques. III. La alpha-amylase, dosage d'activité et contróle de l'absence de beta-amylase. Helv Chim Acta 31: 286–290, 1948
De Lisle RC, Schulz I, Tyrakowski T, Haase W, Hopfer U: Isolation of stable pancreatic zymogen granules. Am J Physiol 246: G411–G418, 1984
De Dios I, Orfao A, García-Montero AC, Rodríguez A, Manso MA: Analysis of isolated zymogen granules from rat pancreas using flow cytometry. Anal Cell Pathol 9: 215–228, 1995
Cabana CM, Nadeau D, Grondin G, Beaudoin A: Freeze-fracture study of the zymogen granule membrane of pancreas: Two novel types of intramembrane particles. Eur J Cell Biol 45: 246–255, 1987
Rodríguez AI, Manso MA, García-Montero AC, Orfao A, De Dios I: Long-term blockade of cholecystokinin (CCK): Effects of 1364,718 (a CCK receptor antagonist) on pancreatic enzyme storage and secretion. Pancreas 15: 314–322, 1997
Kachel V, Fellner-Feldegg H, Menke E. In: M.R. Melamed, T. Lindmo, M.L. Mendelsohn (eds). Flow Cytometry and Sorting. J. Wiley & Liss, New York, 1990, pp 27–45
Salzman GC, Singham SB, Jonston RG, Bohren CF: In: M.R. Melamed, T. Lindmo, M.L. Mendelsohn (eds). Flow Cytometry and Sorting. J Wiley & Liss, New York, 1990, pp 81–107
Muirhead KA, Horan PK, Poste G: Flow cytometry: Present and future. Biotechnology 3: 337–358, 1985
Lampel M, Kern HF: Acute interstitial pancreatitis in the rat induced by excessive doses of a pancreatic secretagogue. Virchows Arch 373: 97–117, 1977
Scheele G, Adler G, Kern H: Exocytosis occurs at the lateral plasma membrane of the pancreatic acinar cell during supramaximal secretagogue stimulation. Gastroenterology 92: 345–353, 1987
Saluja AK, Saluja M, Printz H, Zavertnik A, Sengupta A, Steer ML: Experimental pancreatitis is mediated by low-affinity cholecystokinin receptors that inhibit digestive enzyme secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 8968–8971, 1989
Manso MA, Orfao A, Tabernero MD, Vicente S, De Dios I: Changes in both the membrane and the enzyme content of individual zymogen granules are associated with sodium taurocholate-induced pancreatitis in rats. Clin Sci 94: 293–301, 1998
Puccio F, Chariot J, Lehy T: Influence of hydrocortisone on the development of pancreas in suckling rats. Biol Neonatt 54: 35–44, 1998
Beaudoin AR, Grondin G, St-Jean P, Vachereau A, Cabana C, Grossman A: Steroids and the secretory function of the exocrine pancreas. Endocrinology 119: 2106–2117, 1986
García-Montero AC, De Dios I, Rodríguez AI, Orfao A, Manso MA: Adrenalectomy induces a decrease in the light scatter properties and amylase content of isolated zymogen granules from rat pancreas as analyzed by flow cytometry. J Endocrinol 147: 431–440, 1995
Mallory A, Kern F Jr: Drug-induced pancreatitis: A critical review. Gastroenterology 78: 813–820, 1980
Steinberg WM, Lewis JH: Steroids-induced pancreatitis: Does it really exist? Gastroenterology 81: 799–808, 1981
Logsdon CD: Glucocorticoids increase cholecystokinin receptors and amylase secretion in pancreatic acinar AR42J cells. J Biol Chem 261: 2096–2101, 1986
Leonhardt U, Seidensticker F, Fussek M, Stöckmann F, Creutzfeldt W: Influence of the CCK-antagonist loxiglumide on bile-induced experimental pancreatitis. Int J Pancreatol 10: 73–80, 1991
Tomita H, Miyasaka K, Jimi A, Mishima Y, Funakoshi A: Lack of effect of cholecystokinin receptor antagonist (CR 1505) on recovery of experimental pancreatitis after pancreatic duct occlusion in rats. Pancreas 9: 638–645, 1994
Beaudoin AR, Grondin G, Filion M, Lord A: Secretagogues cause a preferential discharge of large size granules in rat pancreas. Can J Biochem Cell Biol 62: 1288–1292, 1984
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Manso, M., García-Montero, A., Tabernero, M. et al. The recovery of acute pancreatitis depends on the enzyme amount stored in zymogen granules at early stages. Mol Cell Biochem 200, 35–41 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006920217206
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006920217206