Abstract
Eukaryotic 20S proteasomes are complex oligomeric proteins. The maturation process of the 14 different α- and β-subunits has to occur in a highly coordinate manner. In addition β-subunits are synthesized as proproteins and correct processing has to be guaranteed during complex maturation. The structure formation can be subdivided in different phases. The knowledge of the individual phases is summarized in this publication. As a first step the newly synthesized monomers have to adopt the correct tertiary structure, a process that might be supported in the case of the β-subunits by the intramolecular chaperone activity postulated for the prosequences. Subsequently the α-subunits form ring-like structures thereby providing docking sites for the different β-subunits. The result most likely is a double ring structure (13S precursor) representing half-proteasomes, which contain immature proproteins. Two 13S precursors associate to form the proteolytically inactive 16S assembly intermediate which still contains unprocessed β-monomers. In addition the chaperone Hsc73 is present within these particles suggesting an essential role during the structure formation process. The processing of monomers with an N-terminal threonine occurs within the 16S particles and is achieved autocatalytically by two subsequent processing events finally leading to the mature, active 20S proteasome.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Yoshimura T, Kameyama T, Takagi T, Ikai, A, Tokunaga F, Koide T, Tanahashi N, Tamura T, Cejka Z, Baumeister W, Tanaka K & Ichihara A (1993) J. Struct. Biol. 111: 200—211
Hilt W & Wolf DH (1996) TIBS 21: 96—102
Coux O, Tanaka K & Goldberg AA (1996) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65: 801—847
Hiller MM, Finger A, Schweiger M & Wolf DH(1996) Science 273: 1725—1728
Hough R, Pratt G & Rechsteiner M (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262: 8303—8313
Deveraux Q, Ustrell V, Pickart C & Rechsteiner M (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269: 7059—7061
Yang Y, Früh K, Ahn K & Peterson PA (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270: 27687—27694
Dubiel W, Ferrel K & Rechsteiner M (1995) Mol. Biol. Rep. 21: 27—34
Hendil KB, Kristensen P & Uerkvitz W (1995) Biochem. J. 305: 245—252
Zwickl P, Lottspeich F & Baumeister W (1992) FEBS Lett. 312: 157—160
Wenzel T & Baumeister W (1995) Struct. Biol. 2: 199—204
Wenzel T & Baumeister W (1993) Febs Lett. 326: 215—218
Dick LR, Mooamaw CR, DeMartino GN & Slaughter CA (1991) Biochemistry 30: 2725—2734
Wenzel T, Eckerskorn C, Lottspeich F & Baumeister W (1994) FEBS Lett. 349: 205—209
Stein R L, Melandri F & Dick L (1996) Biochemistry 35: 3899—3908
Wilk S, Pereira M & Yu B (1991) Biomed. Biochim. Acta 50: 471—478
Groettrup M, Soza A, Kuckelkorn U & Kloetzel PM (1996a) Immunol. Today 17: 429—435
Groettrup M, Kraft R, Kostka S, Standera S, Stohwasser, R & Kloetzel PM (1996b) Eur. J. Immunol. 26: 863—869
Dubiel W, Pratt G, Ferrell K & Rechsteiner M, (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267: 22 369—22 377
Ahn JY, Tanahashi N, Akiyama K—y, Hisamatsu H, Noda C, Tanaka K, Chung CH, Shibmara N, Willy PJ, Mott JD, Slaughter CA & DeMartino G, (1995) FEBS Lett. 366: 37—42
Peters JM, Cejka Z, Harris JR, Kleinschmidt JA & Baumeister W (1993) Mol. Biol. 234: 932—937
Gray CW, Slaughter CA & DeMartino GN (1994) J. Mol. Biol. 236: 7—15
Dahlmann B, Kuehn L, Kopp F, Niedel B, Reinauer H, Kloetzel P—M & Stauber WT (1989) In: Intracellular Proteolysis (pp 217—224), Japan Scientifique Society Press, Tokyo
Hegerl R, Pfeifer G, Pühler G, Dahlmann B & Baumeister W (1991) FEBS Lett 283: 117—121
Kopp F, Dahlmann B & Hendil KB (1993) J. Mol. Biol. 229: 14—19
Löwe J, Stock D, Jap B, Zwickl P, Baumeister W & Huber R (1995) Science 268: 533—539
Stock D, Dietzel L, Baumeister W, Huber R & Löwe J (1995) in Cold Spring Harbour Symposia on Qualitative Biology (pp 525—532) Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbour
Brannigan JA, Dodson G, Duggleby HJ, Moody PCE, Smith JL, Tomchick DR & Murzin AG (1995) Nature 378: 416—419
Tiikanen R, Riikonen A, Oinonen C, Rouvinen J & Peltonen L (1996) EMBO J. 15: 2954—2960
Antson AA, Dodson EJ & Dodson GG (1996) Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 6: 142—150
Schmidt M & Buchner J (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267: 16 829—16 833
Seemüller E, Lupas A, Stock D, Löwe J, Huber R & Baumeister W (1995) Science 268:579—582
Duggleby HJ, Tolley SP, Hill CP, Dodson E, Dodson G & Moody PCE (1995) Nature 373: 264—268
Smith JL, Zaluzec EJ, Wery JP, Niu L, Switzer RL, Zalkin H & Satow Y (1994) 264: 1427—1433
Guan C, Cui T, Rao V, Liao W, Brenner J & Lin C—L (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271: 1732—1737
Neurath H (1989) TIBS 14: 268—271
Phillips MA & Fletterick RJ (1992) Curr. Biol. 2: 713—720
Shinde U & Inouye M (1993) TIBS 18: 442—446
Seemüller E, Lupas A & Baumeister W (1996) Nature 382: 468—470
Chen P& Hochstrasser M (1996) Cell 86: 961—972
Schmidtke G, Kraft R, Kostka S, Henklein P, Frömmel C, Löwe J, Huber R, Kloetzel P—M & Schmidt M (1996) EMBO J. 15: 6887—6898
Chen P & Hochstrasser M (1995) EMBO J. 14: 2620—2630
Zwickl P, Kleinz J & Baumeister W (1994) Struct. Biol. 1: 765—770
Frentzel S, Pesold—Hurt B, Seelig A & Kloetzel P (1994) J. Mol. Biol. 236: 975—981
Thomson S & Rivett AJ (1996) Biochem. J. 315: 733—738
Matthews CR (1993) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 62: 653—683
Palleros DR, Shi L, Reid KL & Fink AL (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269: 13 107—13 114
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schmidt, M., Schmidtke, G. & Kloetzel, PM. Structure and structure formation of the 20S proteasome. Mol Biol Rep 24, 103–112 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006826725056
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006826725056