Abstract
The landscape of the southcentral part of Chile is dominated by fast-growing plantations of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don), and in lesser extent bluegum eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.), Italian poplar, and willows. Radiata pine was first introduced in 1885 as an ornamental species. During 1940–1960 it was used to control erosion in the Coastal Range. Finally, since the 1960s it has been used for commercial plantations. The present extent of the plantation resource is 1,694,104 ha, of which 80.9 percent is radiata pine. During 1991, 1992, and 1993, this species was planted at rates of 75,416 ha, 81,868 ha, and 71,411 ha, respectively. Even though the soils are eroded to different degrees, exhibit a variety of nutritional disorders, and contain some physical restrictions, the productivity of radiata pine ranges from 18 m3/ha/yr to 35 m3/ha/yr. Additional stress comes from some potentially serious pests; for example, the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana, has presented a real threat to radiata pine. The main products obtained from radiata pine are exported to Japan, Korea, Middle and Far East countries, and Europe. Sawlogs, sawntimber, pulpwood, clearwood, and wood chips are some of the products comprising sales in 1994 of U.S.$1,564 billion.
The purpose of this paper is to show how radiata pine silviculture has changed since the last part of the 1980s in Chile. Also we want to show how forestry activities have produced a profound and positive change in the social and economic environment that surrounds the areas where the industry’s main production areas exist.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen, H.L. 1987. Fertilizers: Adding nutrients for enhanced forest productivity. J. For. 85: 37–46.
Banco Central de Chile. 1993. Boletín Mensual Nº789. Banco Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Brüggen, J. 1950. Fundamentos de la geología de Chile. Instituo Geográfico Militar, Santiago, Chile.
Chile Forestal. 1995. Exportaciones Forestales Chilenas. Nº226, Año XX. Ministerio de Agricultura, Santiago, Chile.
Contesse, D. 1990. El desarrollo forestal chileno, una realidad sustentable. Lamas y Cía. Ltda, Concepción, Chile.
Elizalde, R. 1970. La sobrevivencia de Chile (segunda edición). Ministerio de Agricultura, Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Santiago, Chile.
Fuenzalida, F. 1967. Orografía, Capítulo II, pp. 7–33. In: Corporación de Fomento a la Producción (Ed) Geografía Económica de Chile, Texto refundido. Corporación de Fomento a la Producción, Santiago, Chile.
Gayoso, J. and Iroumé, A. 1984. Soil disturbance from logging in southern Chile, pp. 203–209. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Effects of Forest Land Use on Erosion and Slope Stability. Environment and Policy Institute, East-West Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
Gessel, S.P. 1982. Site evaluation in forest production and management, pp. 326–355. In: Schlatter, J.E. (Ed.) Evaluación de la Productividad de los Sitios Forestales. Actas Reunión de Trabajo, Universidad Austral de Chile.
Gessel, S.P. and Atkinson, W.A. 1984. Use of fertilizers in sustained productivity and Douglas-fir forests, pp. 67–87. In: Stone, E.L. (Ed.) Forest Soils and Treatment Impacts, Proceedings of the Sixth North American Forest Soils Conference. Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.
Gerding, V. 1993. Estabilidad de las plantaciones de Pinus radiata D. Don. Extracción y pérdida de elementos nutritivos asociados al manejo. Boletín Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 10: 55–63.
González-Bonorino, F. 1970. Series metamórficas del basamento cristalino de la Cordillera de la Costa, Chile Central. Publicación Nº37. Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Grey, D.C. 1989. A site-growth study of Pinus radiata in the southern cape. S. Afr. For. J. 150: 32–39.
Grey, D.C. and Jacobs, E.D. 1987. The impact of harvesting on forest site quality. S. Afr. For. J. 140: 60–66.
INFOR (Instituto Forestal). 1987. Especies forestales exóticas de interés económico para Chile. Corporación de Fomento a la Producción, Santiago, Chile.
INFOR (Instituto Forestal). 1994. Estadísticas Forestales. 1993. Boletín Estadístico Nº32. Corporación Chilena de la Madera, Santiago, Chile.
Steinbrenner, E.C. 1979. Forest soil productivity relationships (chapter XII), pp. 199–229. In: Heilman, P., Anderson, H. and Barmgartner, D. (Eds.) Forest Soils of the Douglas-fir Region. Extension Service, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.
Toro, J. 1987. La fertilización forestal en Chile. Avances logrados hasta 1987. Chile For. Nº143, Septiembre 1987: 27–30.
Toro, J. and Garrido, J. 1991. La mecanización de faenas forestales y su relación con la degradación de suelos. Actas III Taller de Producción Forestal. Fundación Chile, Grupo de Producción Forestal, Concepción, Chile.
Turner, J. and Holmes, G.I. 1985. Site classification of Pinus radiata plantations in the Lithgow District, New South Wales, Australia. For. Ecol. Manage. 12: 53–63.
Turvey, N.D. 1980. A forest soil survey. II. The application of soil survey information to forestry operations. Aust. For. 43: 172–187.
Unda, A. and Ravera, F. 1994. Análisis histórico de sitios de establecimiento de las plantaciones forestales en Chile, pp. 13–22. In: Espinoza, M., Knockaert, H. and Millán, J. (Eds.) Seminario: Erosión, Cultivos y Recuperación de Suelos. Corporación Chilena de la Madera, Santiago, Chile.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Toro, J., Gessel, S. Radiata pine plantations in Chile. New Forests 18, 33–44 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006597823190
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006597823190