Abstract
The effects of soil organic matter, soil moisture, shading and ash on white pine (Pinus strobus L.) emergence were investigated using soil monoliths in greenhouse experiments. White pine seedling emergence increased with soil organic matter removal, and levelled with the elimination of the litter and fermentation layers, where seedling emergence did not significantly increase further. Increased shade and soil moisture levels also improved seedling emergence whereas ash had no or little impact on white pine seedling emergence. The silvicultural implications of these findings are discussed with regard to white pine management.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahlgren, C.E. 1976. Regeneration of red pine and white pine following wildfire and logging in northeastern Minnesota. J. For. 76: 135–140.
Ahlgren, C.E. and Ahlgren, I.F. 1981. Some effects of different forest litters on seed germination and growth. Can. J. For. Res. 11: 71–714.
Arnott, J.T. 1974. Germination and seedling establishment. In: Cayford, J.H. (Ed) Direct Seeding Symposium. Dept. Env., Can. For. Serv. Publ. No. 1339, Ottawa.
Balmer, W.E. and Williston, H.L. 1983. Managing eastern white pine in the southeast. USDA For. Serv., For. Rep. R8–FR1. Southern Region. 11 pp.
Chrosciewicz, Z. 1974. Evaluation of fire-produced seedbeds for jack pine regeneration in central Ontario. Can. J. For. Res. 4: 455–457
Chrosciewicz, Z. 1978. Slash and duff reduction by burning on clear-cut jack pine sites in southeastern Manitoba. Information Report NOR-X-199. Nor. For. Res. Cent., Can. For. Serv., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Creasey, K.R. and Myland, T.R. 1992. Guidelines for seed Pretreatment. Forest Resources Group, Nursery and Seed Section. OMNR, Southern Ontario Unit, Angus, Ontario.
Duchesne, L.C. 1994. Fire and biodiversity in temperate ecosystems, pp. 247–264. In: Boyle, T.J.B. and Boyle, C.E.B. (Eds) Biodiversity, Temperate Ecosystems and Global Change. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Duchesne, L.C. and McAlpine, R.S. 1993. Effect of prescribed burning and clear-cutting on carabid beetle biodiversity in a jack pine forest. Petawawa National Forestry Institute Technical Report No. 16. Chalk River, Ontario, Canada. 5 pp.
Fraser, J.W. and Farrar, J.L. 1953. Effect of shade on jack pine germination. Can. Dep. Res. Dev., For. Branch, Div. For. Res., Silvicultural Leaflet No. 88.
Hannah, P.R. 1988. The shelterwood method in northeastern forest types: A literature review. NJAF 5: 70–77.
Herr, D.G., Cooper, J.L., Duchesne, L.C. and Reader, R.J. 1995. Modelling seedling emergence using soil monoliths. Petawawa National Forestry Institute technical report 17. Chalk River, Ontario, Canada. 7 pp.
Herr, D.G., Duchesne, L.C., Tellier, R., McAlpine, R.S. and Peterson, R.L. 1994. Effect of prescribed burning on the ectomycorrhizal infectivity of a forest soil. Int. J. Wild. Fire. 4: 95–102.
Herr, D.G and Duchesne, L.C. 1995. Effect of water regime, cover, organic horizon thickness, and ashes on jack pine seedling emergence. Water, Air and Soil Poll. 82: 147–154.
Herr, D.G and Duchesne, L.C. 1996. Effect of organic horizon thickness, shading, ashes and watering regime on red pine seed emergence. Can. J. For. Res. 26: 422–427.
Horton, K.W. and Bedell, G.H.D. 1960.White and red pine ecology, silviculture, and management. Canada Department of Northern Affairs and Natural Resources. For. Br. Bull. 124, 195 p.
Johnson, E.A. 1992. Fire and Vegetation Dynamics: Studies from the North American Boreal Forest. Cambridge University Press. 127 p.
Kozlowski, T.T. and Ahlgren, C.E. 1974. Fire and Ecosystems. Academic Press, New York, NY. 553 p.
Logan, K.T. 1951. Effect of seedbed treatment on white pine regeneration. Silv. Leaflet No. 54. Forestry Branch, Dept. Res. Dev., Ottawa.
Mallik, A.U., Hobbs, R.J. and Rahman, A.A. 1988. Seed-bed substrates and revegetation of Calluna heathlands following burning. J of Env. Man. 27: 379–397.
McRae, D.J., Lyndham, T.J. and Frech, R.J. 1994. Understorey prescribed burning in red pine and white pine. For. Chron. 70: 395–401.
Methven, I.R. and Murray, W.G. 1974. Using fire to eliminate understory balsam fir in pine management. For. Chron.: 1–3.
Rowe, J.S. 1972. Forest Regions of Canada. Can. For. Serv., Publication Number 1300.
SAS Institute Inc. 1990. SAS User's Guide: Statistics, Version 6. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C.
Smith, D.M. 1951. The influence of seedbed conditions on the regeneration of eastern white pine. The Connecticut Agricultural Experimental Station, New Haven. Bulletin No. 545. 60 pp.
Sokal, R.R. and Rohlf, F.J. 1981. Biometry, 2nd edn. W.H. Freeman and Co. San Francisco. 859 pp.
Thomas, P.A. and Wein, R.W. 1985. The influence of shelter and the hypothetical effect of fire severity on the postfire establishment of conifers from seed. Can. J. For. Res. 15: 148–155.
Thomas, P.A. and Wein, R.W. 1990. Jack pine establishment on ash from wood and organic soil. Can. J. For. Res. 20: 1926–1932.
Weber, M.G. and Taylor, S.W. 1992. The use of prescribed burning in the management of Canada's forested lands. For. Chronicle 68: 324–334.
Wendel, G.W. and Smith, H.C. 1990. Pinus strobus L.: eastern white pine. In: Silvics of North America. Volume 1. Conifers (Burns, R.M. and Honkala, B.H., Technical Coordinators). USDA, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 654.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Herr, D., Duchesne, L. & Reader, R. Effects of soil organic matter, moisture, shading and ash on white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedling emergence. New Forests 18, 219–230 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006547507369
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006547507369