Abstract
The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) has increased greatly in the past fewyears. While cytotoxic drugs are currently used both as singleagents and in combination for palliation in locally advanced andmetastatic disease, they have also been incorporated intomulti-modality treatment strategies of Stage I to Stage IIINSCLC. One of the main reasons for the increased acceptance ofchemotherapy is the development of new substances.
Among the most promising of these new drugs is theantimetabolite gemcitabine. Several single-arm gemcitabine PhaseII studies involving more than 400 patients show validatedresponse rates in more than 20% of the patients. Thesepositive results have also been confirmed in randomized Phase IIstudies. Gemcitabine's unique mechanism of action, its lack ofoverlapping toxicity with other agents, and its favorabletoxicity profile also define it as an ideal candidate forcombination therapy.
The activity seen with single-agent gemcitabine therapy canbe compared with that of cisplatin-etoposide combination therapy.Gemcitabine-cisplatin combination response rates range from31% to 54%, with a median survival time between 8.4and 15.4 months and a 1-year survival rate between 30% and59%. In addition to the clinical research ofgemcitabine-cisplatin combinations, gemcitabine has also beentested in various double and triple combinations withcarboplatin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinorelbine, and ifosfamide.Investigations combining gemcitabine with radiation therapy areon-going. The following review will summarize results fromrepresentative Phase I/II and III studies using gemcitabine forNSCLC patients.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Huang P, Chubb S, Hertel LW, Grindey GB, Plunkett W: Action of 2′.2′-difluorodeoxycytidine on DNA synthesis. Cancer Res 51: 6110-6117, 1991
Hertel LW, Boder GB, Kroin JS, Rinzel SM, Poore GA, Todd GC, Grindey GB: Evaluation of the antitumor activity of Gemcitabine (2′.2′-difluoro-2′-deoxycytidine). Cancer Res 5(50): 4417-4422, 1990
Lund B, Kristjansen PEG, Hansen HH: Clinical and preclinical activity of 2′.2′-difluorodeoxycytidine (Gemcitabine). Cancer Treat Rev 19: 45-55, 1993
Noble S, Goa KL: Gemcitabine-a review of its pharmacology and clinical potential in non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. Drugs54(3): 447-472, 1997
Thatcher N, Anderson H, Betticher DC, Ranson M: Symptomatic benefit from gemcitabine and other chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: changes in performance status and tumor-related symptoms. Anti-Cancer Drugs 6 (Suppl 6): 39-48, 1995
Abratt RP, Bezwoda WR, Falkson G, Goedhals L, Hacking T, Rugg TA: Efficacy and safety profile of gemcitabine in nonsmall cell lung cancer: a phase II study. J Clin Oncol 12: 1535-1550, 1994
Anderson H, Lund B, Bach F, Thatcher N, Walling J, Hansen HH: Single-agent activity of weekly Gemcitabine in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II study. J Clin Oncol 12: 1821-1826, 1994
Fukuoka M, Negoro S, Kudo S, Furuse K, Nishikawa H, Takada Y, Kamei T, Niitani H, Taguchi T: A late phase II study of Gemcitabine (LY188011) against non-small cell lung cancer. Jpn J Cancer Chemother 23(13): 1825-1832, 1996
Gatzemeier U, Shepherd FA, Le Chevalier T, Weynants P, Cottier B, Groen HJM, Rosso R, Mattson K, Cortes-Funes H, Tonato M, Burkes RL, Gottfried M, Voi M: Activity of Gemcitabine in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter, extended phase II study. Eur J Cancer A 32A: 243-248, 1996
Yokoyama A, Nakai Y, Yoneda S, Kurita Y, Niitani H, Taguchi T: A late phase II study of Gemcitabine (LY 188011) against non-small cell lung cancer. Jpn J Cancer Chemother 23(12): 1681-1688, 1996
Lund B, Ryberg M, Petersen PM, Anderson H, Thatcher N, Dombernowsky P: Phase II study of Gemcitabine (2′.2′-difluorodeoxycytidine) given as a twice weekly schedule to previously untreated patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 5: 852-853, 1994
Levitt ML, Fossella F, Devore RF, III: A randomized phase II study comparing two doses of Gemcitabine (Gem) in advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 17: 493a, 1998
Garfield DH, Dakhil SR, Whittaker TL, Keller AM: Phase II randomized multicenter trial of two dose schedules of Gemcitabine as second-line therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (ANSCLC). Proc ASCO 17: 484a, 1998
Fossella FV, Lippman SM, Shin DM, Tarassoff P, Calavag-Jung M, Perez-Soler R, Lee JS, Murphy WK, Glisson B, Rivera E, Hong WK: Maximum-tolerated dose defined for single-agent Gemcitabine: a phase I dose escalation study in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 15(1): 310-316, 1997
Reddy GR, Gandara DR, Edelman MJ, Doroshow JH, Lau D, Lenz H, Israel V, Albain K, Jaslowski A, Lauder I, Conklin T, Maryon T: Gemcitabine (GEM) in Platinum (FLAT) treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 18: 521a, 1999
Crinò L, Mosconi AM, Scagliotti G, Selvaggi G, Novello S, Rinaldi N, Giulia MD, Gridelli C, Rossi A, Calandri C, De Marinis F, Noseda M, Tonato M: Gemcitabine as second-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 17(7): 2081-2085, 1999
Rossi A, Perrone F, Barletta E, Tambaro R, Barzelloni ML, Scognamiglio F, Gatani T, Bilancia D, Maiorino L, Gridelli C: Activity of Gemcitabine (GEM) in Cisplatin-pretreated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a phase II trial. Proc ASCO 18: 484a, 1999
Manegold C, Bergman B, Chemaissani A, Dornoff W, Drings P, Kellokumpu-Lethinen P, Liippo K, Mattson K, v. Pavel J, Ricci S, Sederholm C, Stahel RA, Wagenius G, v. Walree N, Ten Bokkel-Huinink W: Single-agent Gemcitabine versus Cisplatin-Etoposide: Early results of a randomized phase II study in locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 8: 525-529, 1997
Perng RP, Chen YM, Ming-Liu J, Tsai CM, Lin WC, Yang KY, Whang-Peng J: Gemcitabine versus the combination of Cisplatin and Etoposide in patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer in a phase II randomized study. J Clin Oncol 15: 2097-2102, 1997
Anderson H, Tottier B, Nicolson M, Milroy R, Maughan T, Bond M, Falk S, Burt P, Carmichael J, Thatcher N on behalf of the Gemcitabine Study Group: Phase III study of Gemcitabine versus best supportive care in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 18 (Suppl 1): 9, 1997
Thatcher N, Anderson H, Ranson M, Lund B, Hansen H: Chemotherapy for symptom control in advanced NSCLC. Lung Cancer 18 (Suppl 2): 116, 1997
Medical Research Council by its Lung Cancer Working Party: Inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a Medical Research Council randomized trial of palliative radiotherapy with two fractions or ten fractions. Br J Cancer 63: 265-270, 1991
Cullen M: The MIC-regimen in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer (Suppl 2): 81-89, 1993
Cortes-Funes H, Martin C, Abratt R, Lund B: Safety profile of Gemcitabine-a novel anticancer agent, in non-small cell lung cancer. Anti-Cancer Drugs 8: 582-587, 1997
Iglesias JL, Hatty S: Pulmonary safety of Gemcitabine (Gemzar®). Ann Oncol 7 (Suppl 5): 129-130, 1996
Pavlakis N, Levi JA, Wheeler HR, Begbie SD, Bell DR: Novel pulmonary and neurological (GNS) toxicities with Gemcitabine. Proc ASCO 15: 181, 1996
Underhill C, Parnis FX, Highley M, Ahern J, Lund B, Kamby C, Carmichael J, Harper P, Williams C, Hirsch F, Hansen M, Smith C, Walling J: A phase II study of Gemcitabine in previously untreated patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Ann Oncol 7 (Suppl 5): 69, 1996
Martin C, Ardizzoni A, Rosso R: Gemcitabine: Safety profile and efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer unaffected by age. Aging Clin Exp Res 9(4): 297-303, 1997
Abratt RP, Bezwoda WR, Goedhals L, Hacking DJ: Weekly Gemcitabine with monthly Cisplatin: Effective chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 15(2): 744-749, 1997
Crinò L, Scagliotti G, Marangolo M, Figoli F, Clerici M, De Marinis F, Salvati F, Cruciani G, Dogliotti L, Pucci F, Paccagnella A, Adamo V, Altavilla G, Incoronato P, Trippetti M, Mosconi AM, Santucci A, Sorbolini S, Oliva C, Tonato M: Cisplatin-Gemcitabine combination in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II study. J Clin Oncol 15: 297-303, 1997
van Zandwijk N, Crinò, L, Kramer GW, Gans S, Schramel FM, Termeer A, Schlösser NJ, Postmus PE, Daamen S, van Glabbeke M, Giaggone G, The EORTC LCCG: Phase II study of Gemcitabine (GEM) plus Cisplatin (CIS) as induction regimen for patients with stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by the EORTC Lung Cancer Cooperative Group (EORTC 08955). Proc ASCO 17: 468a, 1998
Sandler A, Nemunaitis J, Dehnam C, Cormier Y, von Pawel J, Niyikiza C, Nguyen B, Einhorn L: Phase III study of Cisplatin (C) with or without Gemcitabine (G) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 17: 454a, 1998
Ricci S, Antonuzzo A, Galli L, Bonifazi V, Lopes Pegna A, Algeri R, Petruzzelli S, Santomaggio C, Ghezzi P, Bertuccelli M, Tibaldi C, Innocenti F, Barsanti G, Roggi G, Conte PF: Combination chemotherapy with two different schedules of Gemcitabine (GEM) plus Cisplatin (CDDP) in patients with stage IIIB-IV NSCLC: a multicentric randomized phase II study. Proc ASCO 18: 480a, 1999
Cortesi E, Corona M, Gasperoni S, Grifalchi F, Lembo A, Moscetti L, Oliva A, Ramponi S, Padovani A: Decreased myelotoxicity of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with Cisplatin infusion on day 15. Proc ASCO 18: 493a, 1999
Green MR, Eisenberg P, Kosty M, Stolbach L, Hainsworth J, Zaknoen S: Activity and tolerability of Gemcitabine plus weekly Cisplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer UNSCLC. Proc ASCO 17: 468a, 1998
Lippe P, Silva RR, Monterubbianesi MC, Mari LGD, Cancellieri MA, Giacomini G, Santo A, Tummarello D, Rossi D, Cellerino R: Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (ANSCLC) in the elderly: symptoms-relief after weekly Gemcitabine (G) and Cisplatin (P). Proc ASCO 18: 514a, 1999
Cartei G, Sacco C, Cioschi B, Bearz A, Gusella M, Iop A, Vigevani E: Gemcitabine (G) and Platin (P) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A phase II study with emphasis on intention-to-treat analysis. Proc ASCO 17: 467a, 1998
Rinaldi M, Crinò L, Scagliotti G, Mosconi AM, De Marinis F, Gridelli C, Selvaggi G, Danvish S, Bartolucci R, Calandri C, Sassi M, Tonato M: A new schedule of Gemcitabine-Cisplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with two different Cisplatin dose levels: A phase II randomized trial. Proc ASCO 17: 470a, 1998
Bretti S, Celano A, Casadio C, Rovea P, Loddo C, Ritorto G, Bumma C: Gemcitabine and Cisplatin combination regimen in locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: A phase II study. Proc ASCO 17: 478a, 1998
Lippe P, Tummarello D, Monterubbianesi MC, Mari D, Silva RR, Giuliodori L, Santo A, Pasini E, Cetto GL, Cascinu S, Cellerino R: Weekly Gemcitabine (Gem) and Cisplatin (PL) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (ANSCLC): A phase II study. Proc ASCO 17: 494a, 1998
Mazzanti P, Delprete S, Barrelli N, Barni S, Mattioli R, Scani A, De Signoribus G, Trivisonne R, Sanguinetti GM, Rossi G, Di Lullo L, Sturba F, Ardizzoia A, Imperatori I, La Verde N: Combination of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a phase II study. Proc ASCO 18: 517a, 1999
Gaafar Ei Hamza MR, Mansour O, Khaled H, El Serafi M, Gad el Mawla N: Front line treatment of advanced NSCLC with Cisplatin and Gemcitabine: a phase II study. Proc ASCO 18: 503a, 1999
Shepherd FA, Anglin G, Abratt R, Crinò L, Green M, Iglesias J, Sandler A, Steward W: Influence of Gemcitabine (Gem) and Cisplatin (CP) schedule on response and survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 17: 472a, 1998
Crinò L, Betti M, Gregore V, Darwish S, Minotti V, Calandri C, Scagliotti G, Novello S, Selvaggi G, Rinaldi M, Tonato M: Induction chemotherapy with Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in locally advanced stage III non-small cell lung cancer-a phase II study. Proc ASCO 18: 488a, 1999
Van Kooten M, Rosenberg M, Morero J, Chacón R, Orlando M: Phase II study of Gemcitabine (Gem) plus Cisplatin (Cis) as induction chemotherapy regimen for patients (pts) with Stage IIIA-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-preliminary report. Proc ASCO 18: 526a, 1999
Cueva JF, Grande C, Firvida JL, Amenedo M, Lázaro M, Romero C, Sabin P, Casal J, Garcia J, Barón FJ, Huidobro G, Salgado M, López R, González A, Castellanos J, Estévez SV, Candamio S, Mel JR, Vázquez R: A Lung Cancer Galician Group phase II trial: neoadjuvant Gemcitabine, Cisplatin and Vinorelbine for poor risk stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Proc ASCO 18: 500a, 1999
Vokes EE, Leopold KA, Herndon JE II, Crawford J, Perry MC, Miller AA, Green MR: A randomized phase II study of Gemcitabine or Paclitaxel or Vinorelbine with Cisplatin as induction chemotherapy (IndCT) and concomitant chemoradiotherapy (XRT), for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (CALGB Study 9431). Proc ASCO 18: 459a, 1999
Yang CH, Tsai CM, Wang LS, Lee YC, Huang MH, Yen SW, Lui LT, Lu KT, Yang PC, Perng RP: A phase II feasibility trial of Gemcitabine (GEM) and Cisplatin (CDDP) before local treatment in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 18: 528a, 1999
Gandara DR, Edelman MJ, Lara P, Lau D: Current status and novel therapeutic approaches in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. ASCO-Educational Book 362-369, 1999
Cardenal F, López-Cabrerizo MP, Antón A, Alberola V, Massuti B, Carrato A, Barneto I, Lomas M, Garcia M Lianes P, Montalar J, Vadell CI, González-Larriba JL, Nguyen B, Artal A, Rosell R: Randomized phase III study of Gemcitabine-Cisplatin versus Etoposide-Cisplatin in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 17(1): 12-18, 1999
Crinò L, Conte P, De Marinis F, Rinaldi M, Gridelli C, Ceribelli A, Matano E, Marangolo M, Bartolucci R, Oliva C, Tonato M: A randomized trial of Gemcitabine, Cisplatin (GP) versus Mitomycin, Ifosfamide and Cisplatin (MIG) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A multicenter phase Im study. Proc ASCO 17: 455a, 1998
Carmichael J, Allerheiligen S, Walling J: A phase I study of Gemcitabine and Carboplatin in non-small cell lung cancer. Sem Oncol 23 (Suppl 10): 55-59, 1996
Pedersen AG: Phase I study of Gemcitabine combined with Carboplatin or Paclitaxel. Sem Oncol 24 (Suppl 7): 64-68, 1996
Carmichael J, Langley R, Osbourne L, Andrews L, Woll P, Stickland JE: A phase I study to investigate alternate sequencing of the combination Gemcitabine followed by Carboplatin in NSCLC. Eur J Cancer 33 (Suppl 8): 230, 1997
Martinez J, Panizo A, Alonso MA, Munoz J, De Cos Sánchez J, Sampedro JR, Hernández J: Gemcitabine plus Carboplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A phase I trial. Proc ASCO 17: 494a, 1998
Ng EW, Sandler AB, Einhorn LH: A phase II study of Carboplatin plus Gemcitabine in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 17: 468a, 1998
Edelman MJ, Gandara DR, Lau D, Tracy D, Lauder I, Houston J, Davis UC: Sequential Carboplatin/Gemcitabine (C/G)-Paclitaxel (P) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): an effective and well tolerated regimen. Proc ASCO 18: 502a, 1999
Jovtis S, Brocato N, Balbiani L, Temperley G, Zori Comba A, Rondinon M, Almira E, Bruno M, Maldonado D, Cavarra G, Martinez J, Orlando M: First-line therapy with Gemcitabine (GEMTRO®) (G) and Carboplatin (C) in patients (pts) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLG): a phase II study. Proc ASCO 18: 1969, 1999
Gross G, Holiday D, Hampton J, Kieman H: A combination therapy of Gemcitabine (GEM) and Carboplatin (CBDCA) in advanced stage non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 18: 507a, 1999
Sederholm Ch: A phase IT study of Gemcitabine plus Carboplatin in chemonaive patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), Proc ASCO 18: 490a, 1999
Carrato A, García-Gómez J, Alberola V, Massuti BJ, Sánchez J, Juan O, Diaz-Fernández N, Galán A, Rodriguez-Lescure A, Means A, Gonzálvez ML, Gallego J: Carboplatin (CARBO) in combination with Gemcitabine (GEM) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Comparison of two consecutive phase II trials using different schedules. Proc ASCO 18: 498a, 1999
Georgoulias V, Androulakis N, Kouroussis Ch, Kakolyris S, Papadakis M, Agelidou M, Blazoyiannakis G, Gerogiannis A, Veslemes M, Agelidou A, Dimopoulos AM, Kotsakis Th, Souglakos J, Hatzidaki D: Second-line treatment with Paclitaxel (P) and Gemcitabine (G) in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who failed Cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Proc ASCO 17: 468a, 1998
Giaccone G, Smit E, Laan D, Splinter T, van Meetbeck J, Postmus P: Phase I/II study of Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 17: 486a, 1998
Garland LL, Wagner H, Shaw GS, Williams CC, Antonia SA, Khoor A, Meulemans LM, Nimmons KA, Ruckdeschel JC: Phase I dose-escalation study of constant rate infusion Gemcitabine in combination with Taxotere in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Proc ASCO 17: 484a, 1998
Schlösser NJJ, Richel DJ, van Zandwijk N, Kroeze MA, Middel RPG, Schoot M: Phase I study of Docetaxel and Gemcitabine combination chemotherapy in chemotherapy-naïve patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Proc ASCO 17: 499a, 1998
Georgoulias V, Kouroussis Ch, Androulakis N, Kakolyris S, Dimopoulos AM, Papdakis E, Papadimitriou Ch, Hatzakis K, Bania E, Apostolopoulou F, Tsiafaki X, Alexopoulos A, Souglakos J, Kotsakis Th, Vlachonicolis J, Hatzidaki D: Front-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with Docetaxel (D) and Gemcitabine (G): A multicenter phase II trial. Proc ASCO 17: 473a, 1998
Herbst R, Dang N, Lynch C, Teicher B, Strauss G, Elias A, Anderson I, Salgia R, Jacobs C, Skarin A: Phase I study of combination weekly Gemcitabine and Vinorelbine in patients with lung cancer. Proc ASCO 17: 488a, 1998
Esteban E, Llano JLG, Vieitez JM, Fra J, Puertas J, Estrada E, Palacio I, Muniz I, Buesa JM, Lacave AJ: Phase I/II study of Gemcitabine plus Vinorelbine in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 17: 482a, 1998
Isokangas OP, Mattson K, Joensuu H, Tamminen K, Nikkanen V, Viren M, Brisgand D, Barbet I: A phase II study of Vinorelbine (VNR) and Gemcitabine (GEM) in inoperable stage IIIB-IV NSCLC. Proc ASCO 17: 489a, 1998
Lorusso V, Mancarella S, Carpagnano F, Di Rienzo, Cisternino L, Napoli G, Orlando S, Cinieri S, Brunetti C, Palazzo S, Catino A, Paradiso A, Panza N, De Cataldis G, Frasci G, De Lena M: Gemcitabine plug Vinorelbine in patients with stage IIIB-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A phase II study. Proc ASCO 17: 470a, 1998
Lilenbaum RC, Schwartz MA, Cano R, Krill E, Lutzky J, Blaustein A, Seigel L, Viales M, Dominguez CJ, Davila E: Gemcitabine (Gem) and Navelbine (NVB) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 17: 494a, 1998
Chen YM, Whang-Peng J, Perng RP, Liu TW, Yang KY, Lin WC, Wu HW, Shih JF, Liu JM, Chen LT, Tsai CM: A multicenter phase II study of Gemcitabine (GEM) and Vinorelbine (VMR) in patients with advanced stage IIIB-IV non-small cell lung cancer. Proc ASCO 18: 481a, 1999
Pirker R, Krajnik G, Mohn-Staudner A, Thaler J, Greil R, Schmeikal S, Marhold F, Deutsch J, Preiss P, Wein W, Malayeri R, Huber H: Vinorelbine/Gemcitabine in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC): an AASLC phase II trial. Proc ASCO 18: 479a, 1999
Hirsh V, Ayoub J, Cormier Y, Kerby W, Iglesia J: Phase II multicenter trial with Gemcitabine and Vinorelbine in patients with advanced (stage IIIB + IV) non-small cell lung cancer. Proc ASCO 18: 408a, 1999
Herbst RS, Khuri FR, Jung M, Fossella FV, Lee JS, Glisson B, Shin DM, Pisters K, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Kurie J, Perez-Soler R, Liu D, Munden R, Hong WK: Phase II study of combination weekly Gemcitabine and Vinorelbine in patients with untreated or previously treated non-small cell lung cancer. Proc ASCO 18: 462a, 1999
Gridelli C, Frontini L, Gulisano M, Cigolari S, Castiglione F, Robbiati SF, Farris A, Ianniello GP, Clerici M, Felletti R, Piazza E, Rossi A, Gallo C, Perrone F, on behalf of the GemVin Investigators: Optimal doses of Gemcitabine + Vinorelbine (Gemvin) in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A "keep-the-winner" phase II study. Proc ASCO 18: 477a, 1999
Barr F, Mirsky H, Clinthorne D, Bendel S, Smith F: A phase III study of Gemcitabine and Vinorelbine salvage chemotherapy for taxane resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 18: 469a, 1999
Gian V, Hainsworth JD, Burris HA, Erland JB, Brown CP, Rinaldi DA, Greco FA: Combination Gemcitabine and Vinorelbine in the second-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a phase II study of the Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network. Proc ASCO 18: 505a, 1999
Eberhard W, Wilke H, Manegold C, Gatzemeier U, Blatter J, Drings P, Seeber S: Phase I dose finding study of gemcitabine (GEM) and ifosfamid (IFO) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 14: 351, 1995
Gatzemeier U, Manegold C, Eberhard W, Wilke HJ, Chomy F, Chomy P, Khayat D, Blatter J, Seeber S, Drings P: Ifosfamide and Gemcitabine: a phase II trial in advanced inoperable nonsmall cell lung cancer. Sem Oncol 25 (Suppl 2): 15-18, 1998
Rocha Lima CM, Perkel JA, Putman-Hair T, Sherman CA Leong SS, Green MR: Ongoing phase I study of Irinotecan (CPT 11) and Gemcitabine (GEM). Proc ASCO 17: 250a, 1998
Dabrow MB, Gilman PB, Meyer TJ et al.: Combined therapy with Topotecan and Gemcitabine in patients with inoperable or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Proc ASCO 18: 500a, 1999
Cole JL, Rinaldi DA, Lormand NA, Brierre TE, Brnes B, Fontenot MF, Buller EJ, Rainey JM: A phase I-II trial of Topotecan (TOP) and Gemcitabine (GEM) for patients with previously treated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 18: 499a, 1999
Gralla FJ, Rittenberg CN, Silverman CR, Marques CB, Maulick JF, Cole JT: Gemcitabine (G) + Vinorelbine (V) in combination with Mitomycin (M) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Results of a phase I and phase II study of an active outpatient regimen. Proc ASCO 17: 486a, 1998
González Barón M, Garcia MJ, Chacón JI, Ordónez A, Madronal C, Murias A, Cruz MA, De Castro J, Feliu J, Colmenarejo A, Aguiar J: A phase II study of Gemcitabine, Cisplatin and Vinorelbine in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 17: 469a, 1998
Boni C, Bisagni G, Savoldi L, Franciosi V, Pezzola A, De Bas T: Gemcitabine, Tfosfamide, Cisplatin (GIP) for the treatment of stage III-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 17: 478a, 1998
Castellano D, Lianes P, Calzas J, Garcia-Carbonero R, Guerra JA, Gómez H, Cortés-Funes H: Non-Cisplatin-based chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A phase II study with Gemcitabine (G), Ifosfamide (I) and Vinorelbine (N). Proc ASCO 17: 480a, 1998
Dorta J, Martin G, Constenla M, Lizón J, León A, Cruz JJ, Lorenzo I, González Barón M, Garcia Puche JL: A phase II study of Gemcitabine, Cisplatin and Vinorelbine in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 17: 482a, 1998
Baldini E, Ardizzoni A, Cafferata MA, Boni L, Tibaldi C, Chella A, Conte PF, Rosso R: Combined Gemcitabine, Ifosfamide and Vinorelbine (GIN): activity and safety of a non-platinum-based regimen in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 18: 595a, 1999
Recchia F, De Filippis S, Saggio G, Guerriero G, Rosselli M, Amiconi G, Rea S: Phase II study of Gemcitabine, Ifosfamide and Vinorelbine in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Activity and toxicity of a platinum-free regimen. Proc ASCO 18: 489a, 1999
Comella G, Frasci G, Panza N, Bianco A, Maiorino L, Curcio C, Belli M, Cioffi R, De Cataldis G, Manzione L, Bilancia D, De Lena M, Di Rienzo G, Pizza C, Contu A, Massidda B, Mascia V, Salaris G, Muci D, Palazzo S, Jirillo A, Pacilio C, Comella P: Cisplatin + Gemcitabine + Vinorelbine (PGV) vs Cisplatin + Vinorelbine (PV) vs Cisplatin + Gemcitabine (PG) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NCSLC). Interim analysis of a Southern Italy Cooperative Oncology Group (SICOG) phase III trial. Proc ASCO 18: 486a, 1999
Hainsworth JD, Briand JB, Kalman LA, Hon JK, Smith SW, Greco FA: Phase I/II trial of Paclitaxel (1-hour infusion), Carboplatin and Gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 17: 471a, 1998
Frasci G, Comella P, Panza N, Pacilio C, Nicoletta GP, Natale M, Manzione L, Gravina A, Cioffi R, Maiorino L, Comella G: Cisplatin-Gemcitabine-Paclitaxel in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A dose-finding study. Proc ASCO 17: 481a, 1998
Kelly K, Prindiville S, Bunn Jr PA: A phase I trial of Paclitaxel (P), Carboplatin (C), and Gemcitabine (G) in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 17: 490a, 1998
Sorensen JB, Stenbyggard LE, Hansen HH, Dombernowsky P: Biweekly Paclitaxel, Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in nonresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 17: 501a, 1998
Zinner R, Fossella FV, Komaki R, Delclos M, Jung M, Glisson BS, Lee JS, Pisters K, Jhingran A, Hong WK: Phase I trial of concurrent Gemcitabine (G) plus chest radiotherapy (XRT), followed by consolidation systemic chemotherapy with G plus Cisplatin (CDDP), for patients with stage III and medically inoperable stage II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 18: 466a, 1999
Blackstock AW, Richards FR, Lovelace JR, Lesser GJ, Tucker RW, Case LD, White DR: Twice-weekly Gemcitabine and concurrent thoracic radiotherapy-a phase I/II study in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Proc ASCO 18: 497a, 1999
Gregor A, Price A, Van der Leest AHD, Scalliet P, Wets M, Jungnelius U, Lemmens JP, Groen HJM: Phase I study of Gemcitabine and Radiotherapy in stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Proc ASCO 18: 506a, 1999
Scalliet P, Goor C, Galdermans D, Van Meerbeck J, Groen HJM, Van der Leest AHD, Westerink H, Jungnelius U, Turrisi A: Gemzar® (Gemcitabine) with thoracic radiotherapy-a phase II pilot study in chemo-naïve patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc ASCO 17: 499a, 1998
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Manegold, C., Zatloukal, P., Krejcy, K. et al. Gemcitabine in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Invest New Drugs 18, 29–42 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006327729228
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006327729228