Skip to main content
Log in

Formation and Emission of N2O and CH4 from Compost Heaps of Organic Household Waster

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Composting can be a source of N2O andCH4 production. In this investigation, differentcompost heaps of organic household waste weremonitored with the focus on potential formation ofCH4 and N2O in the heaps and emission ofthese gases from the heaps. The studied compost heapshad different compost ages, turning intervals andcompost sizes. The analysed compost gases containedbetween 1–3421 μL of N2O-N L-1 and 0–470 mL of CH4 L-1. The emission rates ofN2O and CH4 from the compost heaps werebetween 1–1464 mg N2O m-2 day-1 and0–119 000 mg CH4 m-2 day-1. These verylarge differences in compost gas composition andemission indicate the importance of compostmanagement. The results also give an understanding ofwhere in the composting process an increasing emissionof N2O and CH4 can occur.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ashbolt, N. J. and Line, M. A.: 1982, 'A bench-scale system to study the composting of organic wastes', J. Environ. Qual. 11, 405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Börjesson, G. and Svensson, B. H.: 1997, 'Seasonal and diurnal methane emissions from a landfill and their regulation by methane oxidation', Waste Manage Res. 15, 33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciavatta, C., Govi, M., Pasotti, L. and Sequi, P.: 1993, 'Changes in organic matter during stabilization of compost from municipal solid wastes', Bioresource Techn. 43, 141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayton, H., Arah, J. R. M. and Smith, K. A.: 1994, 'Measurement of nitrous oxide emissions from fertilized grassland using closed chambers', J. Geophys. Res. 99, 16599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Firestone, M. and Davidsson, E.: 1989, 'Microbiological Basis of NO and N2O Production and Consumption in Soil', in Andeae, M. and Schimel, D. (eds.), Exchange of Trace Gases Between Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Atmosphere, John Wiley & Sons, New York, U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Focht, D. D. and Verstraete, W.: 1977, 'Biochemical ecology of nitrification and denitrification', Adv. Microb. Ecol. 1, 135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gronauer, A., Helm, M., Schattner-Schmidt, S. and Hellmann, B.: 1996, 'Emissions of Greenhouse and Environmental Relevant Gases by the Decomposition of Organic Waste from Households', in De Bertoldi, M. et al. (eds.), The Science of Composting: Part 2. Blackie Academic & Professional, London, U.K.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamelers, H. V. M.: 1992, 'A Theoretical Model of Composting Kinetics', in Hoitink H. A. J. and Keener, H. M. (eds.), Science and Engineering of Composting: Design, Environmental, Microbiological and Utilization Aspects, Renaissance Publications, Worthington, Ohio, U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellmann, B.: 1995, 'Emission of Climate Relevant Trace Gases from Compost Piles', in Bidlingsmaier, W. and Stegmann, R. (eds.), Biological Waste Management-A Wasted Chance?, Proceedings, April 4th-6th. University of Essen and Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellmann, B., Zelles, L., Palojarvi, A. and Bai, Q.: 1997, 'Emission of climate-relevant trace gases and succession of microbial communities during open-window composting', Applied Microbiology 63, 1011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirchmann, H. and Widén, P.: 1994, 'Separately collected organic household wastes-chemical composition and composting characteristics', Swed. J. Agr. Res. 24, 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuroda, K., Osada, T., Yonago, M., Kanematsu, A., Nitta, T., Mouri, S. and Kojima, T.: 1996, 'Emissions of malodorous compounds and greenhouse gases from composting swine faeces', Bioresource Technol. 56, 265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez-Real, J. and Baptista, M.: 1996, 'A preliminary comparative study of three manure composting systems and their influence on process parameters and methane emissions', Compost sci. util. 4, 71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martins, O. and Dewes, T.: 1992, 'Loss of nitrogenous compounds during composting of animal wastes', Bioresource Technol. 42, 103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakasaki, N., Watanabe, A. and Kubota, H.: 1992, 'Effects of oxygen concentration on composting organics', Biocycle 33(6), 52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prather, M., Derwent, R., Ehhalt, D., Fraser, P., Sanhueza, E. and Zhou, X.: 1996, 'Radiative Forcing of Climate Change', in Houghton J. T. et al. (eds.), Climate Change 1995. The Science of Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertsson, K.: 1994a, 'Nitrous oxide emission in relation to soil factors at low to intermediate moisture levels', J. Environ. Qual. 23, 805.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertsson, M.: 1994b, 'Microbiology of composting', Department of Microbiology, Report 61. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schattner-Schmidt, S., Helm, M., Gronauer, A. and Hellmann, B.: 1995, 'Composting biogenic wastes', Landtechnik 50, 364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sibbesen, E. and Lind, A. M.: 1993, 'Loss of nitrous oxide from animal manure in dungheaps', Acta Agr. Scand. B-S. P. 43, 16.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to B. Beck-Friis.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Beck-Friis, B., Pell, M., Sonesson, U. et al. Formation and Emission of N2O and CH4 from Compost Heaps of Organic Household Waster. Environ Monit Assess 62, 317–331 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006245227491

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006245227491

Navigation