Abstract
Enzymatically inactive procathepsin D secreted from cancer cells has been confirmed to play a role in development of human breast cancer. In the present study, we focused on the role of activation peptide which was in our preliminary studies suggested to be most probably responsible for mitogenic activity of procathepsin D. Using synthetic fragments and antibodies raised against individual fragments, we demonstrated that the growth factor activity of activation peptide is localized in a nine amino acid stretch (AA 36–44) of activation peptide and moreover both anti‐activation peptide and anti‐ 27–44 peptide antibodies administered in vivo inhibited the growth of human breast tumors in athymic nude mice.
Taking into account our previous results and presented data, we hypothesize that the interaction of procathepsin D activation peptide with an unknown surface receptor is mediated by a sequence 36–44 plus close vicinity. We also propose that this interaction leads in certain types of tumor derived cell lines to proliferation and higher motility. Blocking of the interaction of activation peptide by specific antibodies or antagonists might be a valuable tool in breast cancer inhibition.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Capony F, Rougeot C, Montcurrier PH, Cavailles V, Salazar G, Rochefort H: Increased secretion, altered processing and glycosylation of pro-cathepsin D in human mammary cancer cells. Cancer Res 49: 3904–3909, 1989
Fusek M, Vetvicka V: Aspartic Proteinases. Physiology and Pathology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1995
Vignon F, Capony F, Chambon M, Freiss G, Garcia M, Rochefort H: Autocrine growth stimulation of the MCF7 breast cancer cells by the estrogen-regulated 52 K protein. Endocrinology 118: 1537–1545, 1986
Vetvicka V, Vetvickova J, Fusek M: Effect of human procathepsin D on proliferation of human cell lines. Cancer Lett 79: 131–135, 1994
Westley B, Rochefort H: A secreted glycoprotein induced by estrogen in human breast cancer cell lines. Cell 20: 352–362, 1980
Briozzo P, Morisset M, Capony F, Rougeot C, Rochefort H: In vitro degradation of extracellular matrix with Mr 52,000 cathepsin D secreted by breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 48: 3688–3692, 1988
Tedone T, Correale M, Barbarossa G, Casavola V, Paradiso A, Reshkin SJ: Release of the aspartyl protease cathepsin D is associated with and facilitates human breast cancer cell invasion. FASEB J 11: 785–792, 1997
Dittmer F, Pohlmann R, von Figura K: The phosphorylation pattern of oligosccharides in secreted procathepsin D is glycosylation site-specific and independent of the expression of mannose 6-phosphate receptors. J Biol Chem 272: 852–858, 1997
Vetvicka V, Vetvickova J, Hilgert I, Voburka Z, Fusek M: Analysis of the interaction of procathepsin D activation peptide with breast cancer cells. Int J Cancer 73: 403–409, 1997
Augereau P, Miralles F, Cavailles V, Gaudelet C, Parker M, Rochefort H: Characterization of the proximal estrogenresponsive element of human cathepsin D gene. Mol Endocrinol 8: 693–703, 1994
Krishnan V, Wang X, Safe S: Estrogen receptor-Sp1 complexes mediate estrogen-induced cathepsin D gent expression in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 269: 15912–15917, 1994
May FEB, Smith DJ, Westley BR: The human cathepsin Dencoding gene is transcribed from an estrogen-regulated and a constitutive start point. Gene 134: 277–282, 1993
Rochefort H, Capony F, Garcia M, Cavailles V, Freiss G, Chambon M, Morisset M, Vignon F: Estrogen-induced lysosomal proteases secreted by breast cancer cells: a role in carcinogenesis? J Cell Biochem 35: 17–29, 1987
Fusek M, Vetvicka V: Mitogenic function of human procathepsin D - role of the activation peptide. Biochem J 303: 775–780, 1994
Fusek M, Smith F, Foundling SI: Extracellular aspartic proteinases from Candida yeasts. Adv Exp Med Biol 362: 489–500, 1995
Vetvicka V, Vetvickova J, Fusek M: Participation of the propetide on procathepsin D activation of human peripheral lymphocytes and neutrophils. Arch Biochem Biophys 322: 295–298, 1995
Koelsch O, Metcalf P, Vetvicka V, Fusek M: Human procathepsin D: three-dimensional model and isolation. Adv Exp Med Biol 362: 273–278, 1995
Golumbek PT, Azhari R, Jaffee FM, Levitsky HI, Lazenby A, Leong K, Pardoll DM: Controlled release, biodegradable cytokine depots: a new approach in cancer vaccine design. Cancer Res 53: 5841–5844, 1993
Metcalf P, Fusek M: Two crystal structures for cathepsin D: The lysosomal targeting signal and active site. EMBO J 12: 1293–1302, 1993
Koelsch G, Mares M, Metcalf P, Fusek M: Multiple function of pro-parts of aspartic proteinase zymogens. FEBS Lett 343: 6–10, 1994
Augereau P, Garcia M, Mattei MG, Cavailles V, Depadova F, Derocq D, Capony F, Ferrara P, Rochefort H: Cloning and sequencing of the 52K cathepsin D complementary deoxyribonucleic acid of MCF7 breast cancer cells and mapping on chromosome 11. Mol Endocrinol 2: 186–192, 1988
Hoflack B, Kornfeld S: Purification and characterization of a cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor from murine P388D1 macrophages and bovine liver. J Biol Chem 260: 12008–12014, 1985
Rijnbout S, Aerts HMFG, Geuze HJ, Tager IM, Strous GJ: Mannose-6-phosphate-independent membrane association of cathepsin D, glucocerebrosidase, and sphingolipidactivating protein in HepG2 cells. J Biol Chem 266: 4862–4868, 1991
Grassel S, Hasilik A: Human cathepsin D precursor is associated with a 60-kDa glycosylated polypeptide. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 182: 276–282, 1992
Laurent-Matha V, Reza Farnoud M, Lucas A, Rougeot C, Garcia M, Rochefort H: Endocytosis of pro-cathepsin D into breast cancer cells is mostly independenton mannose-6-phosphate receptors. J Cell Sci 111: 2539–2549, 1998
Vetvicka V, Vetvickova J, Fusek M: Effect of procathepsin D and its activation peptide on prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 129: 55–59, 1998
Capony F, Morisset M, Barret AJ, Capony JP, Broquet P, Vignon F, Chambon M, Louisot P, Rochefort H: Phosphorylation, glycosylation and proteolytic activity of the 52 K estrogen-induced protein secreted by MCF7 cells. J Cell Biol 264: 13403–13406, 1987
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vetvicka, V., Vetvickova, J. & Fusek, M. Anti‐human procathepsin D activation peptide antibodies inhibit breast cancer development. Breast Cancer Res Treat 57, 261–269 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006238003772
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006238003772