Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Molecular Regulation of Cell Death and Therapeutic Strategies for Cell Death Induction in Prostate Carcinoma

  • Published:
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Many of the common molecular alterations associated with prostate cancer progression involve genes known to regulate cell death susceptibility. The significance of these molecular events is discussed in the context of developing and implementing new strategies designed to restore cell death susceptibility in prostate cancer cells and overcome therapeutic resistance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bruckheimer EM, Gjertsen BT, McDonnell TJ: Implications of cell death regulation in the pathogenesis and treatment of prostate cancer. Semin Oncol (in press)

  2. Hockenbery DM, Zutter M, Hickey W, Nahm M, Korsmeyer SJ: Bcl2 protein is topographically restricted in tissues characterized by apoptotic cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 6961-5, 1991

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Cardillo M, Berchem G, Tarkington MA, Krajewski S, Krajewski M, Reed JC, Tehan T, Ortega L, Lage J, Gelmann EP: Resistance to apoptosis and up regulation of Bcl-2 in benign prostatic hyperplasia after androgen deprivation. J Urol 158: 212-6, 1997

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Sullivan GF, Amenta PS, Villanueva JD, Alvarez CJ, Yang, JM, Hait, WN: The expression of drug resistance gene products during the progression of human prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 4: 1393-403, 1998

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Keshgegian AA, Johnston E, Cnaan A: Bcl-2 oncoprotein positivity and high MIB-1 (Ki-67) proliferative rate are independent predictive markers for recurrence in prostate carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 110: 443-9, 1998

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Huang A, Gandour-Edwards R, Rosenthal SA, Siders DB, Deitch AD, White RW: p53 and bcl-2 immunohistochemical alterations in prostate cancer treated with radiation therapy. Urology 51: 346-51, 1998

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Beham AW, Brisbay S, Sarkiss M, Tu SM, von Eschenbach AC, McDonnell TJ: Molecular correlates of bcl-2 enhanced growth following androgen-ablation in prostate carcinoma cell in vivo. Int J Mol Med 1: 953-959, 1998

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhang X, Chen MW, Ng A, Ng PY, Lee C, Rubin M, Olsson CA, Buttyan R: Abnormal prostate development in C3(1)-bcl-2 transgenic mice. prostate 32: 16-26, 1997

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Bruckheimer EM, Brisbay SM, Gingrich JR, Greenberg NM, McDonnell TJ: Characterization of probasin bcl-2 transgenic mice and the contribution of bcl-2 to prostate cancer progression. Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res 39: 466, 1998

    Google Scholar 

  10. Tu SM, McConnell K, Marin MC, Campbell ML, Fernandez A, von Eschenbach AC, McDonnell TJ: Combination adriamycin and suramin induces apoptosis in bcl-2 expressing prostate carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 93: 147-55, 1995

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Westin P, Lo P, Marin MC, Fernandez A, Sarkiss M, Tu S-M, Brisbay SM, von Eschenbach AC, McDonnell TJ: Bcl-2 confers androgen independence in androgen sensitive prostate carcinoma. Int J Oncol 10: 113-118, 1997

    Google Scholar 

  12. Rampino N, Yamamoto H, Ionov Y, Li Y, Sawai H, Reed JC, Perucho M: Somatic frameshift mutations in the BAX gene in colon cancers of the microsatellite mutator phenotype. Science 275: 967-9, 1997

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Dinjens WN, van der Weiden MM, Schroeder FH, Bosman FT, Trapman J: Frequency and characterization of p53 mutations in primary and metastatic human prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 56: 630-3, 1994

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Voeller HJ, Sugars LY, Pretlow T, Gelmann EP: p53 oncogene mutations in human prostate cancer specimens. J Urol 151: 492-5, 1994

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Navone NM, Troncoso P, Pisters LL, Goodrow TL, Palmer JL, Nichols WW, von Eschenbach AC, Conti CJ: p53 protein accumulation and gene mutation in the progression of human prostate carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 85: 1657-69, 1993.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bookstein R, MacGrogan D, Hilsenbeck SG, Sharkey F, Allred DC: p53 is mutated in a subset of advanced-stage prostate cancers. Cancer Res 53: 3369-73, 1993

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Mottaz AE, Markwalder R, Fey MF, Klima I, Merz VW, Thalmann GN, Ball RK, Studer UE: Abnormal p53 expression is rare in clinically localized human prostate cancer: comparison between immunohistochemical and molecular detection of p53 mutations. prostate 31: 209-15, 1997

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Eastham JA, Stapleton AMF, Gousse AE, Timme TL, Yang G, Slawin KM, Wheeler TM, Scardino PT, Thompson TC: Association of p53 mutations with metastatic prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 1: 1111-1118, 1995

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Kallakury BV, Figge J, Ross JS, Fisher HA, Figge HL, Jennings TA: Association of p53 immunoreactivity with high gleason tumor grade in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 25: 92-7, 1994

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Thomas DJ, Robinson M, King P, Hasan T, Charlton R, Martin J, Carr TW, Neal DE: p53 expression and clinical outcome in prostate cancer. Br J Urol 72: 778-81, 1993

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kuczyk MA, Serth J, Bokemeyer C, Machtens S, Minssen A, Bathke W, Hartmann J, Jonas U: The prognostic value of p53 for long-term and recurrence-free survival following radical prostatectomy. Eur J Cancer 34: 679-86, 1998

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Apakama I, Robinson MC, Walter NM, Charlton RG, Royds JA, Fuller CE, Neal DE, Hamdy FC: bcl-2 overexpression combined with p53 protein accumulation correlates with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 74: 1258-62, 1996

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Osada M, Ohba M, Kawahara C, Ishioka C, Kanamaru R, Katoh I, Ikawa Y, Nimura Y, Nakagawara A, Obinata M, Ikawa S: Cloning and functional analysis of human p51, which structurally and functionally resembles p53. Nat Med 4: 839-43, 1998

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kaghad M, Bonnet H, Yang A, Creancier L, Biscan JC, Valent A, Minty A, Chalon P, Lelias JM, Dumont X, Ferrara P, McKeon F, Caput D: Monoallelically expressed gene related to p53 at 1p36, a region frequently deleted in neuroblastoma and other human cancers. Cell 90: 809-19, 1997

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Yang A, Kaghad M, WangY, Gillett E, Fleming MD, Dotsch V, Andrews NC, Caput D, McKeon F: p63, a p53 homolog at 3q27-29, encodes multiple products with transactivating, death-inducing, and dominant-negative activities. Mol Cell 2: 305-16, 1998

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Jost CA, Marin MC, Kaelin WG, Jr: p73 is a human p53-related protein that can induce apoptosis. Nature 389: 191-4, 1997

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhu J, Jiang J, Zhou W, Chen X: The potential tumor suppressor p73 differentially regulates cellular p53 target genes. Cancer Res 58: 5061-5, 1998

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Takahashi H, Ichimiya S, Nimura Y, Watanabe M, Furusato M, Wakui S, Yatani R, Aizawa S, Nakagawara A: Mutation, allelotyping, and transcription analyses of the p73 gene in prostatic carcinoma. Cancer Res 58: 2076-7, 1998

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. McDonnell TJ, Navone NM, Troncoso P, Pisters LL, Conti C, von Eschenbach AC, Brisbay S, Logothetis CJ: Expression of bcl-2 oncoprotein and p53 protein accumulation in bone marrow metastases of androgen independent prostate cancer [see comments]. J Urol 157: 569-74, 1997

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Marin MC, Hsu B, Meyn RE, Donehower LA, el-Naggar AK, McDonnell TJ: Evidence that p53 and bcl-2 are regulators of a common cell death pathway important for in vivolymphomagenesis. Oncogene 9: 3107-12, 1994

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Hori M, Nogami T, Itabashi M, Yoshimi F, Ono H, Koizumi S: Expression of Bcl-2 in human breast cancer: correlation between hormone receptor status, p53 protein accumulation and DNA strand breaks associated with apoptosis. Patholnt 47: 757-62, 1997

    Google Scholar 

  32. Eliopoulos AG, Kerr DJ, Herod J, Hodgkins L, Krajewski S, Reed JC, Young LS: The control of apoptosis and drug resistance in ovarian cancer: influence of p53 and Bcl-2. Oncogene 11: 1217-28, 1995

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Subramanian T, Tarodi B, Chinnadurai G: p53-independent apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths induced by adenovirus infection: suppression by E1B 19K and Bcl-2 proteins. Cell Growth Differ 6: 131-7, 1995

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Strasser A, Harris AW, Jacks T, Cory S: DNA damage can induce apoptosis in proliferating lymphoid cells via p53-independent mechanisms inhibitable by Bcl-2. Cell 79: 329-39, 1994

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Beham A, Marin MC, Fernandez A, HerrMarin J, Brisbay S, Tari AM, Lopez-Berestein G, Lozano G, Sarkiss M, McDonnell TJ: Bcl-2 inhibits p53 nuclear import following DNA damage. Oncogene 15: 2767-72, 1997

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Beham A, Vogel M, McDonnell TJ, St. Farkas A, Fürst A, Jauch KW: Apoptosis after genotoxic damage is enhanced by Taxol induced phosphorylation of bcl-2 and correlates with nuclear import of p53. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res, 1998

  37. Ding HF, Fisher DE: Mechanisms of p53-mediated apoptosis. Crit Rev Oncog 9: 83-98, 1998

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Houldsworth J, Xiao H, Murty VV, Chen W, Ray B, Reuter VE, Bosl GJ, Chaganti RS: Human male germ cell tumor resistance to cisplatin is linked to TP53 gene mutation. Oncogene 16: 2345-9, 1998

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Iwadate Y, Tagawa M, Fujimoto S, Hirose M, Namba H, Sueyoshi K, Sakiyama S, Yamaura A: Mutation of the p53 gene in human astrocytic tumours correlates with increased resistance to DNA-damaging agents but not to anti-microtubule anti-cancer agents. Br J Cancer 77: 547-51, 1998

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Cai Z, Capoulade C, Moyret-Lalle C, Amor-Gueret M, Feunteun J, Larsen AK, Paillerets BB, Chouaib S: Resistance of MCF7 human breast carcinoma cells to TNF-induced cell death is associated with loss of p53 function. Oncogene 15: 2817-26, 1997

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Zhan Q, Alamo I, Yu K, Boise LH, Cherney B, Tosato G, O'Connor _PM, Fornace AJ, Jr: The apoptosis-associated gamma-ray response of BCL-X(L) depends on normal p53 function. Oncogene 13: 2287-93, 1996

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Aas T, Borresen AL, Geisler S, Smith-Sorensen B, Johnsen H, Varhaug JE, Akslen LA, Lonning PE: Specific p53 mutations are associated with de novoresistance to doxorubicin in breast cancer patients. Nat Med 2: 811-4, 1996

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Eastham JA, Hall SJ, Sehgal I, Wang J, Timme TL, Yang G, Connell-Crowley L, Elledge SJ, Zhang WW, Harper JW, et al.: In vivogene therapy with p53 or p21 adenovirus for prostate cancer. Cancer Res 55: 5151-5, 1995

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Srivastava S, Katayose D, Tong YA, Craig CR, McLeod DG, Moul JW, Cowan KH, Seth P: Recombinant adenovirus vector expressing wild-type p53 is a potent inhibitor of prostate cancer cell proliferation. Urology 46: 843-8, 1995

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Yang C, Cirielli C, Capogrossi MC, Passaniti A: Adenovirus-mediated wild-type p53 expression induces apoptosis and suppresses tumorigenesis of prostatic tumor cells. Cancer Res 55: 4210-3, 1995

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Ko SC, Gotoh A, Thalmann GN, Zhau HE, Johnston DA, Zhang WW, Kao C, Chung LW: Molecular therapy with recombinant p53 adenovirus in an androgen-independent, metastatic human prostate cancer model. Hum Gene Ther 7: 1683-91, 1996

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Asgari K, Sesterhenn IA, McLeod DG, Cowan K, Moul JW, Seth P, Srivastava S: Inhibition of the growth of pre-established subcutaneous tumor nodules of human prostate cancer cells by single injection of the recombinant adenovirus p53 expression vector. Int J Cancer 71: 377-82, 1997

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Schumacher G, Bruckheimer EM, Beham A, Honda T, Roth JA, McDonnell TJ: Adenoviral transfer of wild-type p53 leads to growth inhibition and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cell lines which is inhibited when bcl-2 is overexpressed. Proc 17th Intl Cancer Congress (in press)

  49. Nielsen LL, Lipari P, Dell J, Gurnani M, Hajian G: Adenovirus-mediated p53 gene therapy and paclitaxel have synergistic efficacy in models of human head and neck, ovarian, prostate, and breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 4: 835-46, 1998

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Gotoh A, Kao C, Ko SC, Hamada K, Liu TJ, Chung LW: Cytotoxic effects of recombinant adenovirus p53 and cell cycle regulator genes (p21WAF1/CIP1 and p16CDKN4) in human prostate cancers. J Urol 158: 636-41, 1997

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Miyashita T, Reed JC: Tumor suppressor p53 is a direct transcriptional activator of the human bax gene. Cell 80: 293-9, 1995

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Roth JA, Swisher SG, Merritt JA, Lawrence DD, Kemp BL, Carrasco CH, el-Naggar AK, Fossella FV, Glisson BS, Hong WK, Khurl FR, Kurie JM, Nesbitt JC, Pisters K, Putnam JB, Schrump DS, Shin DM, Walsh GL: Gene therapy for non-small cell lung cancer: a preliminary report of a phase I trial of adenoviral p53 gene replacement. Semin Oncol 25: 33-7, 1998

    Google Scholar 

  53. Clayman GL, el-Naggar AK, Lippman SM, Henderson YC, Frederick M, Merritt JA, Zumstein LA, Timmons TM, Liu TJ, Ginsberg L, Roth JA, Hong WK, Bruso P, Goepfert H: Adenovirus-mediated p53 gene transfer in patients with advanced recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 16: 2221-32, 1998

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Haldar S, Chintapalli J, Croce CM: Taxol induces bcl-2 phosphorylation and death of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 56: 1253-5, 1996

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Srivastava RK, Srivastava AR, Korsmeyer SJ, Nesterova M, Cho-Chung YS, Longo DL: Involvement of microtubules in the regulation of bcl-2 phosphorylation and apoptosis through cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Mol Cell Biol 18: 3509-17, 1998

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Gjertsen BT, Doskeland SO: Protein phosphorylation in apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1269: 187-99, 1995

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Dubauskas Z, Beck TP, Chmura SJ, KovarDA, Kadkhodaian MM, Shrivastav M, Chung T, Stadler WM, Rinker-Schaeffer CW: Activated calphostin C cytotoxicity is independent of p53 status and in vivometastatic potential. Clin Cancer Res 4: 2391-8, 1998

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Dorai T, Olsson CA, Katz AE, Buttyan R: Development of a hammerhead ribozyme against bcl-2. I. Preliminary evaluation of a potential gene therapeutic agent for hormone-refractory human prostate cancer. Prostate 32: 246-58, 1997

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Webb A, Cunningham D, Cotter F, Clarke PA, di Stefano F, Ross P, Corbo M, Dziewanowska Z: BCL-2 antisense therapy in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Lancet 349: 1137-41, 1997

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Piche A, Grim J, Rancourt C, Gomez-Navarro J, Reed JC, Curiel DT: Modulation of Bcl-2 protein levels by an intracellular anti-Bcl-2 single-chain antibody increases drug-induced cytotoxicity in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Cancer Res 58: 2134-40, 1998

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Korsmeyer SJ, Shutter JR, Veis DJ, Merry DE, Oltvai ZN: Bcl-2/Bax: a rheostat that regulates an anti-oxidant pathway and cell death. Semin Cancer Biol 4: 327-32, 1993

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Gazzaniga P, Gradilone A, Vercillo R, Gandini O, Silvestri I, Napolitano M, Albonici L, Vincenzoni A, Gallucci M, Frati L, Agliano AM: Bcl-2/bax mRNA expression ratio as prognostic factor in low-grade urinary bladder cancer. Int J Cancer 69: 100-4, 1996

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gjertsen, B.T., Logothetis, C.J. & McDonnell, T.J. Molecular Regulation of Cell Death and Therapeutic Strategies for Cell Death Induction in Prostate Carcinoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 17, 345–351 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006170332301

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006170332301

Navigation