Abstract
Although a variety of timing techniques and data acquisition strategies have been used for three-dimensional contrast-enhanced MR angiography, many are still limited by inadequate overall reliability, limited spatial resolution, or complexity. A technique is presented in this work in which contrast arrival is detected in the targetted vasculature in real time using MR fluoroscopy. Upon detection the operator triggers a 3D MR angiographic acquisition which uses an elliptical centric view order. It is shown that the view order intrinsically provides a high degree of venous suppression which in turn allows acquisition times of 30seconds or longer, permitting high spatial resolution. The reliability of fluoroscopic triggering in bolus detection is shown to be over 90%. The technique provides high quality contrast-enhanced MR angiograms for many vascular regions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Marchal G, Bosmans H, McLachlan S. Magnetopharmaceuticals as contrast agents. In: Potchen E, Haacke E, Siebert J, Gottschalk A, editors. Magnetic resonance angiography: concepts and applications, Mosby: St. Louis, 1993: 305-322.
Kouwenhoven M. Contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Acta Radiol 1997; 38(Suppl 412): 57-67.
Prince MR, Yucel EK, Kaufman JA, Harrison DC, Geller SC. Dynamic gadolinium-enhanced 3D abdominal MR arteriography. J Magn Reson Img 1993; 3: 877-881.
Prince MR. Gadolinium-enhanced MR aortography. Radiology 1994; 191: 155-164.
Douek PC, Revel D, Chazel S, Falise B, Villard J, Amiel M. Fast MR angiography of the aortoiliac arteries and arteries of the lower extremity: value of bolus-enhanced whole-volume subtraction technique. AJR 1995; 165: 431-437.
Prince MR, Narasimham DL, Stanley JC, Chenevert TL, Williams DM, Marx MV, Cho KJ. Breath-hold gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography of the abdominal aorta and its major branches. Radiology 1995; 197: 785-792.
Holland GA, Dougherty L, Carpenter JP, Golden MA, Gilfeather M, Slossman F, Schnall MD, Axel L. Breathhold ultrafast three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography of the aorta and the renal and other visceral abdominal arteries. AJR 1996; 166: 971-981.
Earls JP, Rofsky NM, DeCorato DR, Krinsky GA, Weinreb JC. Breath-hold single-dose gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional MR aortography: usefulness of a timing examination and MR power injector. Radiology 1996; 201: 705-710.
Levy RA, Maki JH. Three-dimensional contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the extracranial carotid arteries: two techniques. AJNR 1998; 19: 688-690.
Korosec FR, Frayne R, Grist TM, Mistretta CA. Time-resolved contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography. Magn Reson Med 1996; 36: 345-351.
Foo TKF, Saranathan M, Prince MR, Chenevert TL. Automated detection of bolus arrival and initiation of data acquisition in fast, three-dimensional, gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography. Radiology 1997; 203: 275-280.
Wilman AH, Riederer SJ, King BF, Debbins JP, Rossman PJ, Ehman RL. Fluoroscopically-triggered contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography with elliptical centric view order: application to the renal arteries. Radiology 1997; 205: 137-146.
Maki JH, Prince MR, Londy FJ, Chenevert TL. The effects of time varying intravascular signal intensity and k-space acquisition order on three-dimensional MR angiography image quality. JMRI 1996; 6: 642-651.
Hany TF, McKinnon GC, Leung DA, Pfammaatter T, Debatin JF. Optimization of contrast timing for breath-hold three-dimensional MR angiography. J Magn Reson Img 1997; 7: 551-556.
Wilman AH, Riederer SJ. Performance of an elliptical spiral centric view order for signal enhancement and motion artifact suppression in breathhold three dimensional gradient echo imaging. Magn Reson Med 1997; 38: 793-802.
Wilman AH, Riederer SJ, III JH, Wald JT, Debbins JF. Arterial phase carotid and vertebral artery imaging in 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography by combining fluoroscopic triggering with elliptical centric acquisition order. Magn Reson Med 1998; 40: 24-35.
Korin HW, Riederer SJ, Bampton AEH, Ehman RL. Altered phase encoding order for reduced sensitivity to motion corruption in 3DFT MR imaging. J Magn Reson Img 1992; 2: 687-693.
Wilman AH, Riederer SJ. Improved centric phase encoding orders for three dimensional magnetization prepared MR angiography. Magn Reson Med 1996; 36: 384-392.
Riederer SJ, Tasciyan T, Farzaneh F, Lee JN, Wright RC, Herfkens RJ. MR fluoroscopy: technical feasibility. Magn Reson Med 1998; 8: 1-15.
Mansfield P. Multi-planar image formation using NMR spin echoes. J Phys 1997; C10: L55.
Edelman RR, Wielopolski P, Schmitt F. Echo-planar MR imaging. Radiology 1994; 192: 600-612.
Farzaneh F, Riederer SJ, Pelc NJ. Analysis of T2 limitations and off-resonance effects on spatial resolution and artifacts in echo-planar imaging. Magn Reson Med 1990; 14: 123-139.
Debbins JP, Riederer SJ, Rossman PJ, Grimm RC, Felmlee JP, Breen JF, Ehman RL. Cardiac magnetic resonance fluoroscopy. Magn Reson Med 1996; 36: 588-595.
Du YP, Parker DL, Davis WL, Cao G. Reduction of partial-volume artifacts with zero-filled interpolation in three-dimensional MR angiography. JMRI 1994; 4: 733-741.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Riederer, S.J., Fain, S.B., Kruger, D.G. et al. 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography using fluoroscopic triggering and an elliptical centric view order. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 15, 117–129 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006122514980
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006122514980