Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Vegetation and soil respiration: Correlations and controls

  • Published:
Biogeochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Soil respiration rates vary significantly among major plant biomes, suggesting that vegetation type influences the rate of soil respiration. However, correlations among climatic factors, vegetation distributions, and soil respiration rates make cause-effect arguments difficult. Vegetation may affect soil respiration by influencing soil microclimate and structure, the quantity of detritus supplied to the soil, the quality of that detritus, and the overall rate of root respiration. At the global scale, soil respiration rates correlate positively with litterfall rates in forests, as previously reported, and with aboveground net primary productivity in grasslands, providing evidence of the importance of detritus supply. To determine the direction and magnitude of the effect of vegetation type on soil respiration, we collated data from published studies where soil respiration rates were measured simultaneously in two or more plant communities. We found no predictable differences in soil respiration between cropped and vegetation-free soils, between forested and cropped soils, or between grassland and cropped soils, possibly due to the diversity of crops and cropping systems included. Factors such as temperature, moisture availability, and substrate properties that simultaneously influence the production and consumption of organic matter are more important in controlling the overall rate of soil respiration than is vegetation type in most cases. However, coniferous forests had ∼10% lower rates of soil respiration than did adjacent broad-leaved forests growing on the same soil type, and grasslands had, on average, ∼20% higher soil respiration rates than did comparable forest stands, demonstrating that vegetation type does in some cases significantly affect rates of soil respiration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Amthor JS (1984) The role of maintenance respiration in plant growth. Plant Cell Environ. 7: 561–569

    Google Scholar 

  • Behara N & Pati DP (1986) Carbon budget of a protected tropical grassland with reference to primary production and total soil respiration. Rev. Écol. Bio. Sol 23: 167–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Belkovskiy VI & Reshetnik AP (1981) Dynamics of CO2 liberation from peat soil under various uses. Sov. Soil Sci. 1982: 56–60 [translated from Pochvovedeniye 1981, No. 6: 57- 61]

  • Ben-Asher J, Cardon GE, Peters D, Rolston DE, Biggar JW, Phene CJ & Ephrath JE (1994) Determining root activity distribution by measuring surface carbon dioxide fluxes. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58: 926–930

    Google Scholar 

  • Beyer L (1991) Intersite characterization and variabililty of soil respiration in different arable and forest soils. Biol. Fertil. Soils 12: 122–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Billings WD, Peterson KM & Shaver GR (1978) Growth, turnover, and respiration rates of roots and tillers in tundra graminoids. In: Tieszen LL (Ed) Vegetation and Production Ecology of an Alaskan Arctic Tundra (pp 415–434). Springer-Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Billings WD, Peterson KM, Shaver GR & Trent AW (1977) Root growth, respiration, and carbon dioxide evolution in an arctic tundra soil. Arct. Alp. Res. 9: 129–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohn HL (1982) Estimate of organic carbon in world soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 40: 468–470

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonan GB (1993) Physiological controls of the carbon balance of boreal forest ecosystems. Can. J. For. Res. 23: 1453–1471

    Google Scholar 

  • Boudot JP, Bel Hadj BA & Chone T (1986) Carbon mineralization in andosols and aluminiumrich highland soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 18: 457–461

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowden RD, Castro MS, Melillo JM, Steudler PA & Aber JD (1993a) Fluxes of greenhouse gases between soils and the atmosphere in a temperate forest following a simulated hurricane blowdown. Biogeochemistry 21: 61–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowden RD, Nadelhoffer KJ, Boone RD, Melillo JM & Garrison JB (1993b) Contribution of aboveground litter, belowground litter, and root respiration total soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest. Can. J. For. Res. 23: 1402–1407

    Google Scholar 

  • Box E (1978) Geographical dimensions of terrestrial net and gross primary productivity. Rad. Environm. Biophys 15: 305–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Buyanovsky GA, Kucera CL & Wagner GH (1987) Comparative analyses of carbon dynamics in native and cultivated ecosystems. Ecol. 68: 2023–2031

    Google Scholar 

  • Buyanovsky GA & Wagner GH (1995) Soil respiration and carbon dynamics in parallel native and cultivated ecosystems. In: Lal R, Kimble J, Levine E & Stewart BA (Eds) Soils and Global Change (pp 209–217). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buyanovsky GA, Kucera CL & Wagner GH (1987) Comparative analyses of carbon dynamics in native and cultivated ecosystems. Ecol. 68: 2023–2031

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell MM, White RS, Moore RT & Camp LB (1977) Carbon balance, productivity, and water use of cold-winter desert shrub communities dominated by C3 and C4 species. Oecol. (Berl.) 29: 275–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlyle JC & Than UB (1988) Abiotic controls of soil respiration beneath an eighteen-year-old Pinus radiata stand in south-eastern Australia. J. Ecol. 76: 654–662

    Google Scholar 

  • Ceulemans R, Impens I & Gabrië ls R (1987) CO2 evolution from different types of soil cover in the tropics. Trop. Agric. (Trinidad) 64: 68–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapin FS III, Miller PC, Billings WD & Coyne PI (1980) Carbon and nutrient budgets and their control in coastal tundra. In: Brown J, Miller PC, Tieszen LL & Bunnell FL (Eds) An Arctic Ecosystem: The Coastal Tundra at Barrow, Alaska (pp 458–482). Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Stroudsburg, PA, U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole DW & Rapp M (1981) Elemental cycling in forest ecosystems. In: Reichle DE (Ed) Dynamic Properties of Forest Ecosystems (pp 341–375). Cambridge Univ. Press

  • Coleman DC (1973) Compartmental analysis of “total soil respiration”: An exploratory study. Oikos 24: 361–366

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman DC, Andrews R, Ellis JE & Singh JS (1976) Energy flow and partitioning in selected man-managed and natural ecosystems. Agro-Ecosystems 3: 45–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Cramer WP & Solomon AM (1993) Climatic classification and future global redistribution of agricultural land. Clim. Res. 3: 97–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis MB & Zabinski C (1992) Changes in geographical range resulting from greenhouse warming: Effects on biodiversity in forests. In: Peters RL & Lovegoy TE (Eds) Global Warming and Biological Diversity (pp 297–308). Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Jong E (1981) Soil aeration as affected by slope position and vegetative cover. Soil Sci. 131: 34–43

    Google Scholar 

  • De Jong E, Schappert HJV & MacDonald KB (1974) Carbon dioxide evolution from virgin and cultivated soil as affected by management practices and climate. Can. J. Soil Sci. 54: 299–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards NT, Johnson DW, McLaughlin SB & Harris WF (1989) Carbon dynamics and productivity. In: Johnson DW & Van Hook RI (Eds) Analysis of Biogeochemical Cycling Processes in Walker Branch Watershed (pp 197–232). Springer-Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards NT & Ross-Todd BM (1983) Soil carbon dynamics in a mixed deciduous forest following clear-cutting with and without residual removal. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 47: 1014–1021

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards NT & Sollins P (1973) Continuous measurement of carbon dioxide evolution from partitioned forest floor components. Ecol. 54: 406–412

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis RC (1974) The seasonal pattern of nitrogen and carbon mineralization in forest and pasture soils in southern Ontario. Can. J. Soil Sci. 54: 15–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis RC (1969) The respiration of the soil beneath sosme Eucalyptus forest stands as related to the productivity of the stands. Aust. J. Soil Res. 7: 349–357

    Google Scholar 

  • Emanuel WR, Shugart HH & Stevenson MP (1985) Climatic change and the broad-scale distribution of terrestrial ecosystem complexes. Clim. Change 7: 29–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Eswaran H, Van den Berg E & Reich P (1993) Organic carbon in soils of the world. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57: 192–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Eswaran H, Van den Berg E, Reich P & Kimble J (1995) Global soil carbon resources. In: Lal R, Kimble J, Levine E & Stewart BA (Eds) Soil and Global Change (pp 27–43). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewel KC, Cropper WP Jr & Gholz HL (1987) Soil CO2 evolution in Florida slash pine plantations. II. Importance of root respiration. Can. J. For. Res. 17: 330–333

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez IJ, Son Y, Kraske CR, Rustad LE & David MB (1993) Soil carbon dioxide characteristics under different forest types and after harvest. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.57: 1115–1121

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman C, Lock MA & Reynolds B (1993) Fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O from a Welsh peatland following simulation of water table draw-down: Potential feedback to climatic change. Biogeochemistry 19: 51–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Gates DM (1980) Biophysical Ecology. Springer-Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Goreau TJ & Mello WZ (1988) Tropical deforestation: Some effects on atmospheric chemistry. Ambio 17: 275–281

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths RP, Entry JA, Ingham ER & Emmingham WH (1997) Chemistry and microbial activity of forest and pasture riparian-zone soils along three Pacific Northwest streams. Pl. Soil 190: 169–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunadi B (1994) Litterfall, litter turnover and soil respiration in two pine forest plantations in central Java, Indonesia. J. Trop. For. Sci. 6: 310–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Hannah L, Lohse D, Hutchinson C, Carr LJ & Lankerani A (1994) A preliminary inventory of human disturbance of world ecosystems. Ambio 23: 248

    Google Scholar 

  • Haynes BE & Gower ST (1995) Belowground carbon allocation in unfertilized and fertilized red pine plantations in northern Wisconsin. Tree Physiol. 15: 317–325

    Google Scholar 

  • Herman RP (1977) Root contribution to ‘total soil respiration’ in a tallgrass prairie. Am.Midl. Nat. 98: 227–232

    Google Scholar 

  • Holdridge, LR (1947) Determination of world plant formations from simple climatic data. Science 105: 367–368

    Google Scholar 

  • Houghton RA (1994) The worldwide extent of land-use change. BioScience 44: 305–313

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudgens E & Yavitt JB (1997) Land-use effects on soil methane and carbon dioxide fluxes in forests near Ithaca, New York. Ecoscience 4: 214–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Imhoff ML (1994) Mapping human impacts on the global biosphere. BioScience 44: 598

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkinson DS, Adams DE & Wild A (1991) Model estimates of CO2 emissions from soil in response to global warming. Nature 351: 304–306

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi M, Mer GS, Singh SP & Rawat YS (1991) Seasonal pattern of total soil respiration in undisturbed and disturbed ecosystems of central Himalaya. Biol. Fertil. Soils 11: 267–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Jurik TW, Briggs GM & Gates DM (1991) Soil respiration of five aspen stands in northern Lower Michigan. Am. Midl. Nat. 126: 68–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirschbaum MUF (1995) The temperature dependence of soil organic matter decomposition, and the effect of global warming on soil organic C storage. Soil Biol. Biochem. 27: 753–760

    Google Scholar 

  • Kowalenko CG, Ivarson KC & Cameron DR (1978) Effect of moisture content, temperature and nitrogen fertilization on carbon dioxide evolution from field soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 10: 417–423

    Google Scholar 

  • Kucera CL & Kirkham DR (1971) Soil respiration studies in tallgrass prairie in Missouri. Ecol. 52: 912–915

    Google Scholar 

  • Kursar TA (1989) Evaluation of soil respiration and soil CO2 concentration in a lowland moist forest in Panama. Pl. Soil 113: 21–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamotte M (1975) The structure and function of a tropical savannah ecosystem. In Golley FB & Medina E (Eds) Tropical Ecological Systems: Trends in Terrestrial and Aquatic Research (pp 179–222). Springer-Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Lessard R, Rochettte P, Topp E, Pattey E, Desjardins RL & Beaumont G (1994) Methane and carbon dioxide fluxes from poorly drained adjacent cultivated and forest sites. Can. J. Soil Sci. 74: 139–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Lieth H (1973) Primary production: Terrestrial ecosystems. Human Ecol. 1: 303–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Lieth H & Ouellette R (1962) Studies on the vegetation of the Gaspé Peninsula. II. The soil respiration of some plant communities. Can. J. Bot. 40: 127–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Luken JO & Billings WD (1985) The influence of microtopographic heterogeneity on carbon dioxide efflux from a subarctic bog. Holarctic Ecol. 8: 306–312

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundegå rdh H (1927) Carbon dioxide evolution of soil and crop growth. Soil Sci. 23: 417–453

    Google Scholar 

  • Monteith JL, Szeicz G & Yabuki K (1964) Crop photosynthesis and the flux of carbon dioxide below the canopy. J. Appl. Ecol. 1: 321–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, TR & Knowles R (1989) The influence of water table levels on methane and carbon dioxide emissions from peatland soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 69: 33–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakane K (1980) A simulation model of the seasonal variation of cycling of soil organic carbon in forest ecosystems. Jap. J. Ecol. 30: 19–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakane K, Yamamoto M & Tsubota H (1983) Estimation of root respiration rate in a mature forest ecosystem. Jap. J. Ecol. 33: 397–408

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Connell AM (1987) Litter decomposition, soil respiration and soil chemical and biochemical properties at three contrasting sites in karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor F. Muell.) forests of south-western Australia. Aust. J. Ecol. 12: 31–40

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Connell AM & Menagé PMA (1982) Litter fall and nutrient cycling in karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor F. Muell.) forest in relation to stand age. Aust. J. Ecol. 7: 49–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Olson JS, Watts JA & Allison LJ (1983) Carbon in Live Vegetation of Major World Ecosystems. ORNL 5862, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Overpeck JT, Bartlein PJ & Webb T III (1991) Potential magnitude of future vegetation change in eastern North America: Comparisons with the past. Science 254: 692–695

    Google Scholar 

  • Pastor J, Aber JD, McClaugherty CA & Melillo JM (1984) Aboveground production and N and P cycling along a nitrogen mineralization gradient on Blackhawk Island, Wisconsin. Ecol. 65: 256–268

    Google Scholar 

  • Paustian K, Andrén O, Clarholm M, Hansson A-C, Johansson G, Lagerlöf J, Lindberg T, Pettersson R & Sohlenius B (1990) Carbon and nitrogen budgets of four agro-ecosystems with annual and perennial crops, with and without N fertilization. J. Appl. Ecol. 27: 60–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Penning de Vries, FWT (1975) The cost of maintenance processes in plant cells. Ann. Bot. 39: 77–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Piñ ol J, Maria Alcañ iz J & Rodà F (1995) Carbon dioxide efflux and pCO2 in soils of three Quercus ilex montane forests. Biogeochemistry 30: 191–215

    Google Scholar 

  • Rai B & Srivastava AK (1981) Studies on microbial population of a tropical dry deciduous forest soil in relation to soil respiration. Pedobiol. 22: 185–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Raich JW(1998) Aboveground productivity and soil respiration in three Hawaiian rain forests. For. Ecol. Managem. 107: 309–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Raich JW, Ewel JJ & Olivera M (1985) Soil-CO2 efflux in simple and diverse ecosystems on a volcanic soil in Costa Rica. Turrialba 35: 33–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Raich JW & Nadelhoffer KJ (1989) Belowground carbon allocation in forest ecosystems: Global trends. Ecol. 70: 1346–1354

    Google Scholar 

  • Raich JW & Potter CS (1995) Global patterns of carbon dioxide emissions from soils. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 9: 23–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Raich JW, Russell AE & Vitousek PM (1997) Primary productivity and ecosystem development along an elevational gradient on Mauna Loa, Hawai'i. Ecol. 78: 707–721

    Google Scholar 

  • Raich JW & Schlesinger WH (1992) The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate. Tellus 44B: 81–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Reich PB, Grigal DF, Aber JD & Gower ST (1997) Nitrogen mineralization and productivity in 50 hardwood and conifer stands on diverse soils. Ecol. 78: 335–347

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiners WA (1968) Carbon dioxide evolution from the floor of three Minnesota forests. Ecol. 49: 471–483

    Google Scholar 

  • Risser PG, Birney EC, Blocker HD, May SW, Parton WJ & Wiens JA (1981) The True Prairie Ecosystem. Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company, Stroudsburg, PA, U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rochette P, Desjardins RL, Gregorich EG, Pattey E & Lessard R (1992) Soil respiration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and fallow fields. Can. J. Soil Sci. 72: 591–603

    Google Scholar 

  • Rout SK & Gupta SR (1989) Soil respiration in relation to abiotic factors, forest floor litter, root biomass and litter quality in forest ecosystems of Siwaliks in northern India. Acta Oecol./Oecol. Plant. 10: 229–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruess RW, Van Cleve K, Yarie J & Viereck LA (1996) Contributions of fine root production and turnover to the carbon and nitrogen cycling in taiga forests of the Alaskan interior. Can. J. For. Res. 26: 1326–1336

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan MG (1991) Effects of climate change on plant respiration. Ecol. Appl. 1: 157–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan MG (1995) Foliar maintenance respiration of subalpine and boreal trees and shurbs in relation to nitrogen content. Plant Cell Environ. 18: 765–772

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan MG, Lavigne MG & Gower ST (1997) Annual carbon cost of autotrophic respiration in boreal forest ecosystems in relation to species and climate. J. Geophys. Res. 102(D24): 28,871-28,883

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlentner RE & Van Cleve K (1985) Relationships between CO2 evolution from soil, substrate temperature, and substrate moisture in four mature forest types in interior Alaska. Can. J. For. Res. 15: 97–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Schleser GH (1982) The response of CO2 evolution from soils to global temperature changes. Z. Naturforsch 37a: 287–291

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger WH (1977) Carbon balance in terrestrial detritus. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 8: 51–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seto M & Yanagiya K (1983) Rate of CO2 evolution from soil in relation to temperature and amount of dissolved organic carbon. Jap. J. Ecol. 33: 199–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh JS & Gupta SR (1977) Plant decomposition and soil respiration in terrestrial ecosystems. Bot. Rev. 43: 449–529

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh KP & Shekhar C (1986) Seasonal pattern of total soil respiration, its fractionation and soil carbon balance in a wheat-maize rotation cropland at Varanasi. Pedobiol. 29: 305–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh SP, Mer GS & Ralhan PK (1988) Carbon balance for a central Himalayan cropfield soil. Pedobiol. 32: 187–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh UR & Shukla AN (1977) Soil respiration in relation to mesofaunal and mycofloral populations during rapid course of decomposition on the floor of a tropical dry deciduous forest. Rev. Écol. Biol. Sol 14: 363–370

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson, NL (1990) Climatic control of vegetation distribution: The role of the water balance. Amer. Nat. 135: 649–670

    Google Scholar 

  • Steudler PA, Feigl BJ, Melillo JM, Neill C, Piccolo MC & Cerri CC (in review) Annual patterns of soil CO2 emissions from Brazilian forests and pastures. Biogeochemistry

  • Striegl RG & Wickland KP (1998) Effects of a clear-cut harvest on soil respiration in a jack pine - lichen woodland. Can. J. For. Res. 28: 534–539

    Google Scholar 

  • Tesarová M & Gloser J (1976) Total CO2 output from alluvial soils with two types of grassland communities. Pedobiol. 16: 364–372

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewary CK, Pandey U & Singh JS (1982) Soil and litter respiration rates in different microhabitats of a mixed oak-conifer forest and their control by edaphic conditions and substrate quality. Plant Soil 65: 233–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Toland DE & Zak DR (1994) Seasonal patterns of soil respiration in intact and clear-cut northern hardwood forests. Can. J. For. Res. 24: 1711–1716

    Google Scholar 

  • Townsend AR, Vitousek PM & Trumbore SE (1995) Soil organic matter dynamics along gradients in temperature and land use on the Island of Hawaii. Ecol. 76: 721–733

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsutsumi T, Yoda K, Sahunalu P, Dhanmanonda & Prachaiyo B (1983) Forest: Felling, burning and regeneration. In: Kyuma K & Pairintra C (Eds) Shifting Cultivation: An Experiment at Nam Phrom, Northeast Thailand, and Its Implications for Upland Farming in theMonsoon Tropics (pp 13–62). Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan

    Google Scholar 

  • Tufekcioglu A, Raich JW, Isenhart TM & Schultz RC (in press) Fine root dynamics, coarse root biomass, root distribution, and soil respiration in a multispecies riparian buffer. Agrofor. Syst.

  • Tulaphitak T, Pairintra C & Kyuma K (1983) Soil fertility and tilth. In: Kyuma K & Pairintra C (Eds) Shifting Cultivation: An Experiment at Nam Phrom, Northeast Thailand, and Its Implications for Upland Farming in the Monsoon Tropics (pp 62–83). Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan

    Google Scholar 

  • Upadhyaya SD & Singh VP (1981) Microbial turnover of organic matter in a tropical grassland soil. Pedobiol. 21: 100–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Walter H (1973) Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-Biosphere. Springer-Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb W, Szarek S, Lauenroth W, Kinerson R & Smith M (1978) Primary productivity and water use in native forest, grassland, and desert ecosystems. Ecol. 59: 1239–1247

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber MG (1985) Forest soil respiration in eastern Ontario jack pine ecosystems. Can. J. For. Res. 15: 1069–1073

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber MG (1990) Forest soil respiration after cutting and burning in immature aspen ecosystems. For. Ecol. Managem. 31: 1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Zak DR, Tilman D, Parmenter RR, Rice CW, Fisher FM, Vose J, Milchunas D & Martin CW (1994) Plant production and soil microorganisms in late-successional ecosystems: A continental-scale study. Ecol. 75: 2333–2347

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, U.S.A.

    James W. Raich

  2. Department of Forestry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, U.S.A.

    Aydin Tufekciogul

Authors
  1. James W. Raich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Aydin Tufekciogul
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to James W. Raich.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Raich, J.W., Tufekciogul, A. Vegetation and soil respiration: Correlations and controls. Biogeochemistry 48, 71–90 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006112000616

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006112000616

Search

Navigation