REFERENCES
Amir, R. E., Van den Veyver, I. B., Wan, M., Tran, C. Q., Francke, U., & Zoghbi, H. Y. (1999). Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in X-linked MECP2, encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2. Nature, 402, 185–188.
Baulieu, E. E. (1998). Neurosteroids: a novel function of the brain. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, 963–987.
Bauman, M. L., & Kemper, T. L. (1994). Neuroanatomic observations of the brain in autism. In M. L. Bauman & T. L. Kemper (Eds.), The neurobiology of autism (pp. 119–145). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Comi, A. M., Varsou, A., Heyes, M. P., Milstien, S., & Zimmerman, A. W. (1999). Quinolinic acid and neopterin in children with autism: An analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (Abstract). Annals of Neurology, 46, 528.
Comi, A. M., Zimmerman, A. W., Frye, V. H., Law, P. A., & Peeden, J. N. (1999). Familial clustering of autoimmune disorders and evaluation of medical risk factors in autism. Journal of Child Neurology, 14, 388–394.
Connolly, A. M., Chez, M. G., Pestronk, A., Arnold, S. T., Mehta, S., & Deuel, R. K. (1999). Serum autoantibodies to brain in Landau-Kleffner variant, autism, and other neurologic disorders. Journal of Pediatrics, 134, 607–613.
Corriveau, R. A., Huh, G. S., & Shatz, C. J. (1998). Regulation of class I MHC gene expression in the developing and mature CNS by neural activity. Neuron, 21, 505–520.
Deb-Rinker, P., Klempan, T. A., O'Reilly, R. L., Torrey, E. F., & Singh, S. M. (1999). Molecular characterization of a MSRV-like sequence identified by RDA from monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia. Genomics, 61, 133–144.
Fiumara, A., Sciotto, A., Barone, R., D'Asero, G., Munda, S., Parano, E., & Pavone, L. (1999). Peripheral lymphocyte subsets and other immune aspects in Rett Syndrome. Pediatric Neurology, 21, 619–621.
Geschwind, N., & Galaburda, A. M. (1985). Cerebral lateralization: Biological mechanisms, associations, and pathology: I. A hypothesis and a program for research. Archives of Neurology, 42, 428–459.
Gupta, S., Aggarwal, S., & Heads, C. (1996). Brief report: Dysregulated immune system in children with autism: Beneficial effects of intravenous immune globulin on autistic characteristics. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26, 87–97.
Mossner, R., & Lesch, K.-P. (1998). Role of serotonin in the immune system and in neuroimmune interactions. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 12, 249–271.
Mott, S. H., Weinstein, S. L., Conry, J. A., Kenworthy, L. E., Lockwood, S., Wagner, A., & Packer, R. J. (1996). Pervasive developmental disorder/autism versus Landau-Kleffner syndrome: Steroid-responsive encephalopathy characterized by language and social interactive impairment (Abstract). Annals of Neurology, 40, 332.
Pedersen, A. E., Skov, S., Bregenholt, S., Ruhwald, M., & Claesson, M. H. (1999). Signal transduction by the major histocompatibility complex class I molecule. APMIS, 107, 887–895.
Pletnikov, M. V., Rubin, S. A., Vasudevan, K., Moran, T. H., & Carbone, K. M. (1999). Developmental brain injury associated with abnormal play behavior in neonatally Borna disease virus-infected Lewis rats: a model of autism. Behavioural Brain Research, 100, 43–50.
Plioplys, A. V. (1998). Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment of children with autism. Journal of Child Neurology, 13, 79–82.
Singh, V. K., Lin, S. X., & Yang, V. C. (1998). Serological association of measles virus and human herpesvirus-6 with brain autoantibodies in autism. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 89, 105–108.
Singh, V. K., Warren, R. P., Odell, J. D., Warren, W. L., & Cole, P. (1993). Antibodies to myelin basic protein in children with autistic behavior. Brain, Behavior and Immunity, 7, 97–103.
Stefanatos, G. A. Grover, W., & Geller, E. (1995). Case study: Corticosteroid treatment of language regression in pervasive developmental disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 1107–1111.
Taylor, B., Miller, E., Farrington, C. P., Petropoulos, M.-C., Favot-Mayaud, I., Li, J., & Waight, P. A. (1999). Autism and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: no epidemiological evidence for a causal association. Lancet, 353, 2026–2029.
Tuchman, R. F., & Rapin, I. (1997). Regression in pervasive development disorders: seizures and epileptiform electroencephalogram correlates. Pediatrics, 99, 560–566
van Gent, T., Heijnen, C. J., & Treffers, P. D. (1997). Autism and the immune system. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 337–349.
Warren, R. P., Singh, V. K., Cole, P., Odell, J. D., Pingree, C. B., Warren, W. L., DeWitt, C. W., & McCullough, M. (1992). Possible association of the extended MHC haplotype B44-SC30-DR4 with autism. Immunogenetics, 36, 203–207.
Weng, G., Bhalla, U. S., & Iyengar, R. (1999). Complexity in biological signaling systems. Science, 284, 92–96.
Yu, X. M., & Salter, M. W. (1999). Src, a molecular switch governing gain control of synaptic transmission mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), 96, 7697–7704.
Zimmerman, A. W. (1999). The immune system in autism. Journal of Developmental and Learning Disorders, 3, 3–15.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zimmerman, A.W. Commentary: Immunological Treatments for Autism: In Search of Reasons for Promising Approaches. J Autism Dev Disord 30, 481–484 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005520111362
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005520111362