Volatilization of 1,3-Dichloropropene under Different Application Methods

Abstract

Atmospheric emission of volatilepesticides can be a significant source of airpollution. A field study was conducted to reduce1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) emission by applying thechemical via subsurface drip irrigation with a reduceddosage (4.7 g m^-2 or 47 kg ha^-1). Comparisons were made between ashallow drip application with the plot covered with apolyethylene film, a deep drip application and aconventional shank injection (at 11.2 g m^-2) withthe plots left as bare soil surface. For eachtreatment, seven replicated active flux chambers wereused continuously to measure 1,3-D loss until nomeasurable emission was found. Results indicated thattotal 1,3-D emission loss was over 90% for the shankinjection, and 66 and 57% for the shallow and deepdrip plots, respectively. The emission loss wasextremely high for shank injection since about 80%were lost from the bed furrows where the slantedshanks left uncompacted fractures. On mass basis, theshank plot lost 10.4 g m^-2, whereas the shallow-and deep-drip plots lost 3.1 and 2.7 g m^-2,respectively. Applying 1,3-D using subsurface dripirrigation with reduced dosage has a great potentialfor emission reduction.