Skip to main content

Causal Interpretation in Systems of Equations

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

REFERENCES

  • Alderich, J.: 1989, 'Autonomy', in N. di Marchi and C. Gilbert (eds.), History and Methodology of Econometrics, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cartwright, N.: 1989, Nature's Capacities and Their Measurement, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cartwright, N.: 1995, 'Probabilities and Experiments', Journal of Econometrics 67, 47–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cartwright, N. and Jones, M.: 1991, 'How to Hunt Quantum Causes', Erkenntnis 35, 205–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooley, T. and S. Leroy: 1985, 'Atheoretical Macroeconometrics: A Critique', Journal of Monetary Economics 16, 283–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frisch, R.: 1938, 'Autonomy of Economic Relations' (unpublished), reprinted in D. F. Hendry and M. S. Morgan (eds.), The Foundations of Econometric Analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haavelmo, T.: 1944, 'The Probability Approach in Econometrics', Econometrica 12 (Supplement).

  • Hausman, D.: 1998, Causal Asymmetries, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hausman, D.and J. Woodward: forthcoming, 'Independence, Invariance and the Causal Markov Condition', The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, December, 1999.

  • Healey, R.: 1992, 'Discussion: Causation, Robustness, and EPR', Philosophy of Science 59, 282–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hitchcock, C. and J. Woodward: forthcoming, 'Explanatory Generalizations Deep and Shallow'.

  • Hoover, K.: 'Causality and Temporal Order in Macroeconomics or Why Even Economists Don't Know How to Get Causes from Probabilities', British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 44, 693–710.

  • Humphreys, P.: 1989, The Chances of Explanation, Princeton University Press, Princeton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irzik, G.: 1996, 'Can Causes be Reduced to Correlations?', British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 47, 259–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meek, C. and C. Glymour: 1994, 'Conditioning and Intervening', British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 45, 1001–1021.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menzies, P. and H. Price: 1993, 'Causation as a Secondary Quality', British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 44, 187–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papineau, D.: 1991, 'Correlations and Causes', British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 42, 397–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearl, J.: 1993, 'On the Statistical Interpretation of Structural Equations', Technical Report, R-200.

  • Pearl, J.: 1995, 'Causal Diagrams for Empirical Research', Biometrika 82, 669–688.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearl, J.: 1996, 'Causation, Action and Counterfactuals', Technical Report, R-223–T.

  • Pearl, J.: 1998a, 'Tetrad and SEM', Multivariate Behavioral Research 33, 129–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearl, J.: 1998b, 'Graphical Models for Probabilistic and Causal Reasoning', in D. Gabbay and Ph. Smuts (eds.), Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems, Vol. 1, Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 367–389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearl, J.: 1998c, 'Graphs, Causality and Structural Equation Models', to appear in Sociological Methods and Research.

  • Spirtes, P., C. Glymour and R. Scheines: 1993, Causation, Prediction and Search, Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Wright, G.: 1971, Explanation and Understanding, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, J.: 1979, 'Scientific Explanation', British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 30, 41–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, J.: 1984, 'A Theory of Singular Causal Explanation', Erkenntnis 21, 231–262. Reprinted in D. Ruben (ed.), Explanation, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, J.: 1992, 'Realism About Laws', Erkenntnis 36, 181–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, J.: 1995, 'Causality and Explanation in Econometrics', in D. Little (ed.), On the Reliability of Economic Models, Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, J.: 1997, 'Explanation, Invariance and Intervention', in L. Darden (ed.), PSA 1996, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, J.: forthcoming, 'Explanation and Invariance in the Special Sciences', The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, March, 2000.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Woodward, J. Causal Interpretation in Systems of Equations. Synthese 121, 199–247 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005242000548

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005242000548

Keywords

  • Causal Interpretation