Abstract
The energy and charge spectra of Fe ions accelerated in gradual events are calculated numerically. Our results are compared with the available observations. Stripping of Fe ions by thermal electrons and protons during ion acceleration in the solar corona results in the dependence of mean charge ∖barq Feon energy. We consider the influence of varying plasma parameters (temperature T, number density N, and spectral index of turbulence S) on the charge distribution of iron. Our calculations indicate T≈106 K and N≈(0.5–1)×1010 cm−3at the accelerating site, provided the characteristic acceleration time is about 1 s. The calculated charge spectra for S>2 and S<2 turn out to be different, but some theoretical and experimental uncertainties do not yet allow this parameter to be extracted from observational data. The theoretically obtained charge distributions of Fe could be important in the light of ACE spacecraft data which are currently available for analysis.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arnaud, M. and Raymond, J.: 1992, Astrophys. J. 398, 394.
Baranov, D. G., Gagarin, Yu. F., Dergachev, V. A., Lukin, V. A., Yakubovsky, E. A., and Nymmik, R. A.: 1999, Adv. Space Res.(in press).
Berezhko, E. G., Iolshin, W. K., Krymskii, G. F., and Pjetukhov S. N.: 1988, Generatsiya kosmicheskikh luchei udarnymi volnami(Generation of Cosmic Rays at Shock Fronts), Nauka, Sib. Otd., Novosibirsk (in Russian).
Boberg, P. R., Tylka, A. J., and Adams, J. H.: 1996, Astrophys. J. 471, L65.
Burlaga, L., Sittler, E., Mariani, F., and Schwenn, R.: 1981, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 6673.
Gagarin, Yu. F., Marenny, A. M., Nymmik, R. A., and Panasyuk, M. I.: 1998, Adv. Space Res. 21(12), 1699.
Galvin, A. B., Ipavich, F. M., Gloeckler, G., Hovestadt, D., Bame, S. J., Klecker, B., Scholer, M., and Tsurutani, B. T.: 1987, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 12069.
Garrard, T. L., Christian, E. R., Mewaldt, R. A., Ormes, J. F., and Stone, E. C.: 1997, 25th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. 1, 105.
Gloeckler, G., Weiss, H., Hovestadt, D., Ipavich, F. M., Klecker, B., Fisk, L. A., Scholer, M., Fan, C. Y., and O'Gallagher, J. J.: 1981, 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. 3, 136.
Hasselmann, K. and Wibberenz, G.: 1968, Z. Geophysik 34, 353.
Hovestadt, D., Klecker, B., Höfner, H., Scholer, M., Gloekler, G., and Ipavich, F. M.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 258, L57.
Kartavykh, Yu. Yu., Ostryakov, V. M., Stepanov, I. Yu., and Yoshimori, M.: 1998, Cosmic Res. 36, (5), 465 (in Russian).
Klecker, B., Hovestadt, D., Gloeckler, G., Ipavich, F. M., Scholer, M., Fan, C. Y., and Fisk, L. A.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 281, 458.
Kurganov, I. G., and Ostryakov, V. M.: 1991, Astron. Lett. 17, 77.
Leske, R. A., Cummings, J. R., Mewaldt, R. A., Stone, E. C., and von Rosenvinge, T. T.: 1995, Astrophys. J. 452, L149.
Luhn, A. M., Klecker, B., Hovestadt, D., Gloeckler, G., Ipavich, F. M., Scholer, M., Fan, C. Y., and Fisk, L. A.: 1984, Adv. Space Res. 4, 161.
Luhn, A. M., Hovestadt, D., Klecker, B., Scholer, M., Gloeckler, G., Ipavich, F. M., Galvin, A. B., Fan, C. Y., and Fisk, L. A.: 1985, 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. 4, 241.
Luhn, A. M., Klecker, B., Hovestadt, D., and Möbius, E.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 317, 951.
Mason, G. M., Mazur, J. E., Looper, M. D., and Mewaldt, R. A.: 1995, Astrophys. J. 452, 901.
Mason, G. M., Cohen, C. M. S., Cummings, A. C., Dwyer, J. R., Gold, R. E., Krimigis, S. M., Leske, R. A., Mazur, J. E., Mewaldt, R. A., Möbius, E., Popecki, M., Stone, E. C., von Rosenvinge, T. T., and Wiedenbeck, M. E.: 1999, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26(2), 141.
Ma Sung, L. S., Gloeckler, G., Fan, C. Y., and Hovestadt, D.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 245, L45.
Möbius, E. and Popecki, M.: 1998, Internet site http://www.scl.caltech.edu/ACE/ACENewscurr. html
Möbius, E., Popecki, M., Klecker, B., Kistler, L. M., Bogdanov, A., Galvin, A. B., Heirtzler, D., Hovestadt, D., Luhn, A. M., Morris, D., and Schmidt, W. K. H.: 1999, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26(2), 145.
Oetliker, M., Klecker, B., Hovestadt, D., Mason, G. M., Mazur, J. E., Leske, R. A., Mewaldt, R. A., Blake, J. B., and Looper, M. D.: 1997, Astrophys. J. 477, 495.
Ostryakov, V. M. and Stovpyuk, M. F.: 1997, Astron. Reports 41(3), 386.
Ostryakov, V. M. and Stovpyuk, M. F.: 1999, Astron. Letters 25(12).
Reames, D. V.: 1990, Astrophys. J. 358, L63.
Reames, D. V., Barbier, L. M., von Rosenvinge, T. T., Mason, G. M., Mazur, J. E., and Dwyer, J. R.: 1997, Astrophys. J. 483, 515.
Ruffolo, D.: 1997, Astrophys. J. 481, L119.
Toptygin, I. N.: 1983, Cosmicheskie luchi v mezhplanetnykh magnitnykh polyakh(Cosmic Rays in Interplanetary Magnetic Fields), Nauka, Moscow (in Russian).
Tylka, A. J., Boberg, P. R., Adams, J. H., Beahm, L. P., Dietrich, W. F., and Kleis, T.: 1995, Astrophys. J. 444, L109.
Schlickeiser, R., and Steinacker, J.: 1989, Solar Phys. 122, 29.
Yoshimori, M., Ostryakov, V. M., Kartavykh, Yu. Yu., and Stepanov, I. Yu.: 1999, Adv. Space Res.(in press).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ostryakov, V., Stovpyuk, M. Charge state distributions of iron in gradual solar energetic particle events. Solar Physics 189, 357–372 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005226105072
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005226105072