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RAPID – The Imaging Energetic Particle Spectrometer on Cluster

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Abstract

The RAPID spectrometer (Research with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detectors) for the Cluster mission is an advanced particle detector for the analysis of suprathermal plasma distributions in the energy range from 20–400 keV for electrons, 40 keV–1500 keV (4000 keV) for hydrogen, and 10 keV nucl-1–1500 keV (4000 keV) for heavier ions. Novel detector concepts in combination with pin-hole acceptance allow the measurement of angular distributions over a range of 180° in polar angle for either species. Identification of the ionic component (particle mass A) is based on a two-dimensional analysis of the particle's velocity and energy. Electrons are identified by the well-known energy-range relationship. Details of the detection techniques and in-orbit operations are described. Scientific objectives of this investigation are highlighted by the discussion of selected critical issues in geospace.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Aeronomie, D-37191, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany

    B. Wilken, W. I. Axford, I. Daglis, P. Daly, W. GÜTTLER, W. H. Ip, A. Korth, G. Kremser, S. Livi, V. M. Vasyliunas & J. Woch

  2. Laboratory for Astrophysics and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, U.S.A

    D. Baker

  3. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, U.S.A

    R. D. Belian

  4. The Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA, 90009, U.S.A

    J. B. Blake, J. F. Fennell & L. R. Lyons

  5. Institut för Rymdfysik, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, 90187, Umeå, Sweden

    H. Borg

  6. Center of Space Physics, Boston University, MA, 02215, U.S.A

    T. A. Fritz

  7. Institut für Datenverarbeitungsanlagen, Techn. University, D-38023, Braunschweig, Germany

    F. Gliem & R. Rathje

  8. Science and Engineering Research Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, 0X11 OQX, U.K

    M. Grande & D. Hall

  9. Central Research Institute for Physics, Academy of Sciences, H-1525, Budapest, Hungary

    K. KecsuemÉTY

  10. Experimental Physics Department, St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, Ireland

    S. Mckenna-LAWLOR

  11. Department of Physics, University of Oulu, 90570, Oulu, Finland

    K. Mursula & P. Tanskanen

  12. Department of Geophysics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    Z. Pu

  13. Institutet för Rymdfysik, Swedish Institut of Space Physics, 98128, Kiruna, Sweden

    I. Sandahl

  14. Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece

    E. T. Sarris

  15. Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterr. Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany

    M. Scholer

  16. Lockheed Research Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, U.S.A.

    M. Schulz

  17. Physics Department, University of Bergen, 5007, Bergen, Norway

    F. SØRASS & S. Ullaland

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  1. B. Wilken
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  2. W. I. Axford
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  3. I. Daglis
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  4. P. Daly
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Wilken, B., Axford, W.I., Daglis, I. et al. RAPID – The Imaging Energetic Particle Spectrometer on Cluster. Space Science Reviews 79, 399–473 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004994202296

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