Skip to main content
Log in

Geographic Classification of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Mosses and Stream Sediments in the Federal Republic of Germany

  • Published:
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The results of the first German moss monitoring programme to estimate heavy metal pollution in the Federal Republic of Germany were combined with other large-scale investigations carried out in Germany and then classified geographically in a new form. Using Monte Carlo assisted factor analysis, six factors indicating sources of pollution were identified from the sets of element data from the moss monitoring project (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, Zn) and the data sets for SO2 and particulate. The geographic distribution patterns of the factor values showed the regions in which the various sources are to be found. By combining the data the primarily anthropogenic chromium concentrations of the mosses were compared with the mainly geogenic chromium concentrations of the stream sediments in the form of examples. After normalization, the transformed chromium concentrations were transferred to a map of the entire area using inverse distance weighting. Anthropogenic and geogenic influences are being discussed on the basis of the results.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adriano, D. C.: 1986, Trace Elements in the Terrestrial Environment, Springer Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruns, I., Siebert, A., Baumbach, A., Miersch, J., Günther, D., Markert, B. and Krauss, G. J.: 1995, ‘Fresenius’, J. Anal. Chem. 353, 101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dässler, H.-G. and Börtitz, S. (eds.): 1988, Air Pollution and Its Influence on Vegetation, T:VS. No. 18, Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ernst, W. H. O.: (1974), Schwermetallvegetation der Erde, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fauth, H., Hindel, R., Siewers, U. and Zinner H J.: 1985, Geochemischer Atlas der Bundesrepublik Deutschland - Verteilung von Schwermetallen in Wässer und Bachsedimenten, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herpin, U., Markert, B., Siewers, U. and Lieth, H.: 1994, Monitoring der Schwermetallbelastung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland mit Hilfe von Moosanalysen, Research Report 108 02 087, Umweltbundesamt Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herpin, U., Berlekamp, J., Markert, B., Wolterbeek, B., Grodzinska, K., Siewers, U., Lieth, H. and Weckert, V.: 1996, The Science of the Total Environment 187, 185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuik, P., Blaauw, M., Sloof, J. E. and Wolterbeek, H. Th.: 1993a, Atmospheric Environment 27A, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuik, P., Sloof, J. E. and Wolterbeek, H. Th.: 1993b, Atmospheric Environment 27A, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markert, B. (ed.): 1993, Plants as Biomonitors - Indicators for Heavy Metals in the Terrestrial Environment, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim, New York, Basel, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markert, B.: 1994, ‘Plants as Biomonitors - Potential Advantages and Problems’, in Adriano, D. C., Chen, Z. S. and Yang, S. S. (eds.), Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements, Science and Technology Letters, Northwood, pp. 601-613.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markert, B. and Weckert, V.: 1993, Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 40, 43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markert, B., Herpin, U., Siewers, U., Berlekamp, J. and Lieth, H.: 1996a, The Science of the Total Environment 182, 159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markert, B., Herpin, U., Berlekamp, J., Oehlmann, J., Grodzinska, K., Mankovska, B., Suchara, I., Siewers, U., Weckert, V. and Lieth, H.: 1996b, ‘A Comparison of Heavy Metal Deposition in Selected Eastern European Countries Using Moss Monitoring Method’, with Special Emphasis on the ‘Black Triangle’, The Science of the Total Environment, (in press).

  • Ross, H. B.: 1990, ‘On the Use of Mosses (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) for Estimating Atmospheric Trace Metal Deposition’, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 50.

  • Rühling, A. and Tyler, G.: 1968, ‘An Ecological Approach to the Lead Problem’, Bot. Notiser 121, 248-352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rühling, A. and Tyler, G.: 1969, ‘Ecology of Heavy Metals, a Regional and Historical Study’, Bot. Notiser 122, 248-259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rühling, A., Rasmussen, L., Mäkinen, A., Pilegaard, K., Steinnes, E. and Nihlgard, B.: 1989, Survey of the Heavy-Metal Deposition in Europe Using Bryophytes as Bioindicators. Proposal for an International Programme, Steering Body of Environmental Monitoring in the Nordic Countries.

  • Rühling, A. (ed.): 1994, ‘Atmospheric heavy metal deposition in Europe - estimations based on moss analysis’. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen. Nord 1994:9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sloof, J. E. and Wolterbeek, H. T.: 1993, Environ. Monitoring and Assessment 25, 149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sloof, J. E.: 1995, Atmospheric Environment 29, 333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Environmental Report for the Free State of Saxony, Sächsisches Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Landesentwicklung, (ed.): 1994, Umweltbericht 1994 - Ein Bericht zur Umweltsituation im Zeitraum von 1990- 1993, Freistaat Sachsen, Dresden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Umweltbundesamt, Federal Environmental Agency: 1994, Daten zur Umwelt 1992- 93, Erich Schmidt Verlag GmbH and Co., Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolterbeek, H. Th., Kuik, P., Verburg, T. G., Herpin, U., Markert, B. and Thöni, L.: 1995, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 35, 263.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Berlekamp, J., Herpin, U., Matthies, M. et al. Geographic Classification of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Mosses and Stream Sediments in the Federal Republic of Germany. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 101, 177–195 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004953024821

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004953024821

Navigation