Skip to main content
Log in

Unification, Reduction, and Non-Ideal Explanations

  • Published:
Synthese Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Kitcher's unification theory of explanation seems to suggest that only the most reductive accounts can legitimately be termed explanatory. This is not what we find in actual scientific practice. In this paper, I attempt to reconcile these ideas. I claim that Kitcher's theory picks out ideal explanations, but that our term “explanation” is used to cover other accounts that have a certain relationship with the ideal accounts. At times, “versions” and portions of ideal explanations can also be considered explanatory.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Achinstein, Peter: 1983, The Nature of Explanation, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Achinstein, Peter: 1986, 'The Pragmatic Character of Explanation', in Peter Asquith and Philip Kitcher (eds.), PSA 1984, Vol. 2, Philosophy of Science Assn., East Lansing, MI. pp. 275–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, Eric: 1992a, 'Explanatory Unification and Scientific Understanding', PSA 1992, Vol. 1, Philosophy of Science Assn., East Lansing, MI. pp. 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, Eric: 1992b, 'Explanatory Unification and the Problem of Asymmetry', Philosophy of Science 59, 558–571.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bromberger, S.: 1965, 'An Approach to Explanation', in R. S. Butler (ed.), Analytical Philosophy, Second Series. Barnes and Noble, New York, pp. 72–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavendish, Henry: 1783/1961, The Composition of Water, Alembic Club Reprint, Manchester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chomsky, Noam: 1980, Rules and Representations, Columbia University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Churchland, P. S.: 1986, Neurophilosophy, MIT Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Devitt, M. and Sterelny, K.: 1987, Language and Reality, Bradford Books, Cambridge, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enc, B.: 1976, 'Reference of Theoretical Terms', Nous 10, 261–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feyerabend, P.: 1970, 'Against Method', in Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feyerabend, P.: 1981, 'Explanation, Reduction, and Empiricism', in his Philosophical Papers, Vol. 1, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 44–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fodor, J.: 1974, 'Special Sciences (or the Disunity of Science as a Working Hypothesis)', Synthese 28, 97–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, N. R.: 1958, Patterns of Discovery, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hempel, K.: 1965, Aspect of Scientific Explanation and Other Essays in the Philosophy of Science, The Free Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys, P.: 1993, 'Greater Unification Equals Greater Understanding?', Analysis 53(3), 183–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, Todd: 1995, 'Reductionism and the Unification Theory of Explanation', Philosophy of Science 62, 21–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitcher, P.: 1981, 'Explanatory Unification', Philosophy of Science 48, 505–531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitcher, P.: 1989, 'Explanatory Unification and the Causal Structure of the World', in W. Salmon and P. Kitcher (eds.), Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. XIIi, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp. 410–605.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitcher, P.: 1993, The Advancement of Science, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kripke, S.: 1972, 'Naming and Necessity', in D. Davidson and G. Harmon (eds.), Semantics of Natural Language, Reidel, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koertge, N.: 1990, 'Explanation vs. Unification', in P. Weingartner and G. Schurz (eds.), Berichte des 13. Internationalen Wittgenstein Symposiums, Holder-Dichler-Tempsky, Vienna, pp. 156–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T.: 1970, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, D.: 1980, 'Psychophysical and Theoretical Identifications', in N. Block (ed.),Readings in the Philosophy of Psychology, Vol. 1, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp. 207–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lycan, B.: 1988, Judgement and Justification, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maull, N.: 1977, 'Unification Without Reduction', Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science 8(2), 143–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, H.: 1973, 'Reductionism and the Nature of Psychology', Cognition 2, 131–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, H.: 1975, 'The Meaning of “Meaning”', in his Mind, Language and Reality, Vol. 2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 215–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Railton, P.: 1981, 'Probability, Explanation, and Information', Synthese 48, 507–531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rorty, R.: 1979, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, Princeton University Press, Princeton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmon, W.: 1984, Scientific Explanation and the Causal Structure of the World, Princeton University Press, Princeton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmon, W.: 1989, 'Four Decades of Scientific Explanation', in W. Salmon and P. Kitcher (eds.), Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. XIIi, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp. 3–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scriven, M.: 1959, 'Truisim as the Grounds for Historical Explanation', in Patric Gardiner (ed.), Theories of History, The Free Press, Glencoe, pp. 443–475.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stich, S.: 1992, 'What is a Theory of Mental Representation?', Mind 101, 243–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stich, S.: 1993, 'Concepts, Meaning, Reference and Ontology', in Karen Neander and Ian Ravenscroft (eds.), Prospects for Intentionality, Working Papers in Philosophy, Vol. 3, Research School of Social Science, Australian National University, pp. 61–77.

  • Stich, S.: 1996, Deconstructing the Mind, Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toulmin, S.: 1961, Forsight and Understanding, Indiana University Press, Bloomington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Frassen, B.: 1980, 'Rational Belief and Probability Kinematics', Philosophy of Science 47, 165–187.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jones, T. Unification, Reduction, and Non-Ideal Explanations. Synthese 112, 75–96 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004928615026

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004928615026

Keywords

Navigation