Abstract
The aim of this work was to examine the effects of an increase in acid rain upon community diversity and productivity of the ectomycorrhizal fungi in a Norway spruce stand and the possible amelioratory effects of liming. No obvious adverse effects on either the diversity or productivity were found. Acid irrigation appeared to enhance the fruiting of Russula ochroleuca, as did irrigation with ‘normal’ rain. A combination of acid irrigation and liming resulted in a large increase in the fruiting of Hygrophorus pustulatus. Thirty times more fruit bodies were recorded from this treatment than from the control. A principal component analysis of the fruit body data suggested that soil organic horizon pH may be an important determinant of ectomycorrhizal community structure within the spruce stand.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agerer R 1990 Impacts of acid rain and liming on fruit body production of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Agric. Ecosyst. 28, 3–8.
Arnolds E 1991 Decline of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Europe. Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 35, 209–244.
Bohus G 1973 Soil acidity and the occurrence of fungi in deciduous forests. Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 65, 63–81.
Bohus G 1984 Studies on the pH requirements of soil inhabiting mushrooms: The r-spectra of mushroom assemblages in deciduous forest commuities. Acta Bot. Hung. 30, 155–171.
Brandrud T E 1987 Mycorrhizal fungi in 30 years old, oligotrophic spruce (Picea abies) plantation in SE Norway. A one-year permanent plot study. Agarica 8, 48–58.
Brandrud T E 1994 The effects of experimental nitrogen additions on the ectomycorrhizal fungus flora in an oligotrophic spruce forest at Gårdsjön, Sweden. For. Ecol. Manage. 71, 111–122.
Cape J N, Sheppard L J, Leith I D, Murray M B, Deans J D and Fowler D 1988 The effect of acid mist on the frost gardiness of red spruce seedlings. Aspects Appl. Biol. 17, 141–149.
Chadwick M J and Hutton M 1991 Acid depositions in Europe. Environmental effects, control strategies and policy options. Published by the Stockholm Environmental Institute at York, University of York, York.
Dahlberg A and Stenlid J 1990 Population structure and dynamics in Suillus bovinus as indicated by spatial distribution of fungal clones. New Phytol. 115, 483–493.
Deans J D, Leith I D, Sheppard L J, Cape J N, Fowler D, Murray M B and Mason P A 1990 The influence of acid mists on growth, dry matter partitioning, nutrient concentrations and mycorrhizal fruit bodies in Red spruce seedlings. New Phytol. 115, 459–464.
Dighton J and Skeffington R A 1987 Effects of artificial acid precipitation on the mycorrhizas of Scots pine seedlings. New Phytol. 107, 191–202.
DOE 1990 Acid deposition in the United Kingdom 1986–1988. Third report of the United Kingdom Review Group on Acid rain. Department of the Environment, Sales Unit, South Ruislip.
Entry J A, Cromack Jr K, Stafford S G and Castellano M A 1987 The effect of pH and aluminium concentration on ectomycorrhizal formation in Abies balsamea Can. J. For. Res. 17, 865–871.
Eveling D W, Wilson R N, Gillespie E S and Bataillé A 1990 Environmental effects on sporocarp counts over fourteen years in a forest area. Mycol. Res. 94, 998–1002.
Fiedler H J and Hunger W 1963 Über den Einfluβ einer Kalkdüngung auf Vorkommen, Wachstum and Nährstoffgehalt höherer Pilze im Fichtenbestand. Arch. Forstwes. 12, 936–962.
Griesser B 1992 Mykosoziologie der Grauerlen-und Sanddornauen (Alnetum incanae, Hippophaetum) am Hinterrhein (Domleschg, Graubünden, Schweiz). Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Eidg. Techn. Hochsch. Rübel 109, 1–235.
Guillitte O, Fraiture A and Marchal A 1989 Effect of fertilization on mycorrhizal fungi communities in two Belgian forests. Agric. Ecosyst. Env. 28, 155–159.
Guminska B 1962 The fungi of the beech forest of Rabsztyn and Maciejowa. A study of floristic and ecological conditions. Monogr. Bot. 13, 3–85.
Harley J L and Smith S E 1983 Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Academic Press, London 212 p.
Hora F B 1972 Productivity of Toadstools in coniferous plantations-natural and experimental. Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 48, 35–42.
Krebs C J 1989 Ecological Methodology. Harper Collins Publishers, New York.
Kreutzer K 1995 Effects of forest liming on soil processes. Plant Soil 168–169, 447–470.
Kreutzer K and Weiss T 1998 The Höglwald field experiments-aims, concept and basic data. Plant Soil 199, 1–10.
Kreutzer K, Göttlein A, Pröbstle P and Zuleger M 1991a Höglwaldforschung 1982–1989 Zielsetzung, Versuchskonzept, Basisdaten. In Ökosystemforschung Höglwald. Eds. K Kreutzer and A Göttlein. Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg.
Kreutzer K, Göttlein A and Pröbstle P 1991b Effects of acid irrigation on soil chemistry in a Norway spruce stand. In Ökosystemforschung Höglwald. Eds. K Kreutzer and A Göttlein, pp 174–186, Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg.
Kreutzer K, Göttlein A and Pröbstle P 1991c Dynamics and chemical effects of the dissolution of dolomite lime under Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). In Ökosystemforschung Höglwald. Eds. K Kreutzer and A Göttlien, pp 186–204. Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg.
Krieglsteiner G J 1977 Die Makromyzeten der Tannen-Mischwälder des inneren Schwäbisch-Fränkischen Waldes (Ostwürttemberg) mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Welzheimer Waldes. Lempp, Schwäbisch Gmünd.
Kuyper Th W 1989 Auswirkungen der Walddüngung auf die Mykoflora. Beitr. Kenntnis Pilze Mitteleuropa 5, 5–20.
Leith I D, Murray M B, Sheppard L J, Cape J N, Deans J D and Fowler D 1989 Visible foliar injury of red spruce seedlings subjected to simulated acid mist. New Phytol. 113, 313–320.
Meyer J, Schneider B U, Werk K, Oren R and Schulze E-D 1988 Performance of two Picea abies (L.) Karst. stands at different stages of decline. V. Root tip and ectomycorrhiza development and their relations to above ground and soil nutrients. Oecologia 77, 7–13.
Moser M 1962 Die Rolle des Wassers im Leben der höheren Pilze. Schweiz. Zeitsch. Pilzk. 40, 129–141.
Nitare J 1988 Changes in the mycoflora — Research and species protection. Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. 82, 485–489.
Richards B N 1961 Soil pH and mycorrhiza development in Pinus. Nature 190, 105–106.
Schlechte G 1991 Zur Struktur der Basidiomyzeten-Flora von unterschiedlich immissionsbelasteten Waldstandorten in Südniedersachsen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Mykorrhizabildung. Jahn and Ernst, Hamburg.
Schneider B U, Meyer J, Schulze E-D and Zech W 1989 Root and Mycorrhizal development in healthy and declining Norway spruce stands. In Ecological Studies, Vol. 77. Eds. E-D Schulze, O L Lange and R Oren, pp 370–391. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Shafer S R, Grand L F, Bruck R I and Heagle A S 1985 Formation of ectomycorrhizae on Pinus taeda seedling exposed to simulated acidic rain. Can J. For. Res. 15, 66–71.
Shaw P J A, Dighton J and Poskitt J 1993 Studies on the mycorrhizal community infecting trees in the Liphook Forest fumigation experiment. Agric. Ecosys. Environ, 47, 185–191.
Sørenson T 1948 A method of establishing groups of equal amplitude in plant sociology based on similarity of species content. K. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 5, 1–34.
Stroo H F and Alexander M 1985 Effect of simulated acid rain on mycorrhizal infection of Pinus strobus L. Water Air Soil Pollut. 25, 107–114.
Tyler G 1984 Macrofungi of Swedish Beech Forest. Rahms i Lund.
Termorshuizen A J and Schaffers A P 1987 Occurrence of carpophores of ectomycorrhizal fungi in selected stands of Pinus sylvestris in the Netherlands in relation to stand vitality and air pollution. Plant Soil 104, 207–217.
Ulrich B 1983 Soil acidity and its relations of acid deposition. In Effects of Accumulation of Air Pollutants in Forest Ecosystems. Eds. B Ulrich and J Pankrath. pp 127–146. D Reidel Publishing Company.
Ulrich B, Mayer R and Khanna P K 1980 Chemical changes due to acid precipitation in a loess-derived soil in central Europe. Soil Sci. 130, 193–199.
Van Breemen N, Driscoll C T and Mudler J 1984 Acidic deposition and internal proton sources in acidification of soils and waters. Nature 307, 599–604.
Zelles L, Scheunert I and Kreutzer K 1987 Effect of artificial irrigation, acid precipitation and liming on the microbial activity of a spruce stand. Biol. Fertil. Soils 4, 137–143.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Agerer, R., Taylor, A. & Treu, R. Effects of acid irrigation and liming on the production of fruit bodies by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Plant and Soil 199, 83–89 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004206512687
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004206512687