Lifetable demography of four cladoceran species in relation to algal food (Chlorella vulgaris) density

Abstract

Algal food density is known to influence life history variables of cladoceran species. It is not, however, well established whether both littoral and planktonic cladocerans show similar trends when exposed to increasing food concentrations. In the present work, we studied the life table demography of four cladoceran species (Ceriodaphnia cornuta, Moina macrocopa, Pleuroxus aduncus and Simocephalus vetulus) in relation to three algal food concentrations (low: 0.5 × 10⁶, medium: 1.5 × 10⁶ and high: 4.5 × 10⁶ cells ml⁻¹ of Chlorella vulgaris) (in terms of carbon content, these were equivalent to 0.15, 0.45 and 1.35 μg ml⁻¹, respectively) at 25 °C. In general, for all the tested cladoceran species, values of average lifespan, gross reproductive rate, net reproductive rate, generation time and the rate of population growth were higher at lower food concentrations. Furthermore, high food concentration resulted in a negative population growth rate (mean ± standard error: −0.091 ± 0.026) for P. aduncus. The highest population growth rate (0.602 ± 0.014) was recorded for M. macrocopa at low food density. S. vetulus had the longest average lifespan (40 ± 1 d) while M. macrocopa had the lowest (5 ± 1 d). C. cornuta showed better performance at medium food concentration. We conclude that among the algal concentrations used here, 0.5 × 10⁶ – 1.5 × 10⁶ was beneficial not only to the planktonic species but also to the littoral P. aduncus and S. vetulus while 4.5 × 10⁶ cells ml⁻¹ was unsuitable for all the cladocerans tested.