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Trophic structure of Lake Tanganyika: carbon flows in the pelagic food web

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Abstract

The sources of carbon for the pelagic fish production in Lake Tanganyika, East Africa, were evaluated in a comprehensive multi-year study. Phytoplankton production was assessed from seasonal in situ 14C and simulated in situ results, using on-board incubator measurements and knowledge of the vertical distributions of chlorophyll and irradiance. Bacterioplankton production was measured on two cruises with the leucine incorporation method. Zooplankton production was calculated from seasonal population samples, the carbon contents of different developmental stages and growth rates derived from published sources. Fish production estimates were based on hydroacoustic assessment of pelagic fish biomass and data on growth rates obtained from length frequency analyses and checked against daily increment rings of fish otoliths. Estimates for primary production (426–662 g C m-2 a-1) were 47–128% higher than previously published values. Bacterioplankton production amounted to about 20% of the primary production. Zooplankton biomass (1 g C m-2) and production (23 g C m-2 a-1) were 50% lower than earlier reported, suggesting that the carbon transfer efficiency from phytoplankton to zooplankton was low, in contrast to earlier speculations. Planktivorous fish biomass (0.4 g C m-2) and production (1.4–1.7 g C m-2 a-1) likewise indicated a low carbon transfer efficiency from zooplankton into planktivorous fish production. Relatively low transfer efficiencies are not unexpected in a deep tropical lake, because of the generally high metabolic losses due to the high temperatures and presumably high costs of predator avoidance. The total fisheries yield in Lake Tanganyika in the mid-1990s was 0.08–0.14% of pelagic primary production, i.e. within the range of typical values in lakes. Thus, no special mechanisms need be invoked to explain the productivity of fisheries in Lake Tanganyika.

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  1. Kalevi Salonen

    Present address: Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O.Box 35, FIN-40351, Jyväskylä, Finland

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014, Turku, Finland

    Jouko Sarvala

  2. Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, FIN-16900, Lammi, Finland

    Kalevi Salonen & Marko Järvinen

  3. Game and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O.Box 6, FIN-00721, Helsinki, Finland

    Eero Aro

  4. Pirkanmaa Regional Environment Centre, P.O. Box 297, FIN-33101, Tampere, Finland

    Timo Huttula & Anu Peltonen

  5. Lake Tanganyika Research Project, Bujumbura, Burundi

    Pekka Kotilainen

  6. Lake Tanganyika Research Project, Kigoma

    Heini Kurki & Piero Mannini

  7. Lake Tanganyika Research Project, Mpulungu, Zambia

    Victor Langenberg & Pierre-Denis Plisnier

  8. Archipelago Research Institute, University of Turku, FIN-20014, Turku, Finland

    Ilppo Vuorinen

  9. Department of Applied Zoology and Veterinary Medicine, Tanzania University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland

    Heini Kurki, Hannu Mölsä & Ossi V. Lindqvist

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Sarvala, J., Salonen, K., Järvinen, M. et al. Trophic structure of Lake Tanganyika: carbon flows in the pelagic food web. Hydrobiologia 407, 149–173 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003753918055

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