Abstract
An ancient realgar mine is responsible for the contamination of a riverine system in central Corsica. Nearby the mine, high As and Sb concentrations are found (up to 2–3 mg l-1 and 2–3 μg l-1 respectively). A significant increase of the As and Sb concentrations in water is found in the water of the mixing zone of river and sea (Bravona estuary; chlorinity 7000–7800). In the same area, a decrease of As and Sb concentrations in sediments is observed. Fe and Mn exhibit the same behaviour. The possible involvement of redox processes is discussed. However, owing to insufficient reducing capacity and insignificant variation of redox potential values along the various estuarine sites (from 320 down to 280 mV), this scenario is rather doubtful. Desorption from FeOOH particles is the most likely process in the Bravona estuary. The impact of these contaminated waters on the marine environment is discussed. Owing to decrease by dilution, as well as the reduced water flow of the estuary, the net supply of As and Sb to the Tyrrhenian Sea is approximately 5 and 1.5 t y-1 for As and Sb respectively. The possible harmful influence of the Bravona river should be of local concern only, and the emphasis of this study is, therefore, on a better knowledge of in situ processes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andreae, M. O. & T.W. Andreae, 1989. Dissolved arsenic species in the Schelde estuary and watershed, Belgium. Estuar. coast. shelf Sci. 29: 421-433.
Angelidis, M. O. & A. P. Grimanis, 1987. Arsenic geochemistry in sediments near the Athens sewage outfall. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 18: 297-298.
Bénaïm, J. Y., 1990. La matière organique dissoute et complexante dans les eaux de mer: méthodes, mesures, aspects écotoxicologiques. Océanis 16: 313-328.
Burrows, I. G. & B. A. Whitton, 1983. Heavy metals in water, sediments and invertebrates from a metal-contaminated river free of organic pollution. Hydrobiologia 106: 263-273.
Caboi, R., R. Cidu, A. Cristini, L. Fanfani, R. Massoli-Novelli & P. Zuddas, 1993. The abandoned Pb-Zn mine of Ingurtosu, Sardinia (Italy). Eng. Geol. 34: 211-218.
Church, T., 1986. Biogeochemical factors influencing the residence time of micronutrients in a large tidal estuary. Mar. Chem. 18: 393-406.
DDASS, Direction Départementale de l'Action Sanitaire et Sociale, 1995. Code de la santé publique, Livre premier: 33-36.
De Vitre, R., N. Belzile & A. Tessier, 1991. Speciation and adsorption of arsenic on diagenetic iron oxyhydroxides. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36: 1480-1485.
Dorten, W., F. Elbaz-Poulichet, L. Mart & J.M. Martin, 1991. Reassessment of the river input of trace metals into the Mediterranean Sea. Ambio 20: 2-6.
Duzzin, B., B. Pavoni & R. Donazzolo, 1988. Macroinvertebrate communities and sediments as pollution indicators for heavy metals in the river Adige (Italy). Wat. Res. 11: 1353-1363.
Elbaz-Poulichet, F., D. M. Guan, P. Seyler, J.M. Martin, N. H. Morley, P. J. Statham, J. D. Burton, L. Mart & P. Klahre, 1989. Dissolved trace metals and metalloids in the Rhône river/estuarine system. In EROS 2000 First Workshop on the Northwest Mediterranean Sea, Wat. Pollut. Res. Reports: 395-422.
Elbaz-Poulichet, F., J. M. Martin, W. W. Huang & J. X. Zhu, 1987. Dissolved Cd behaviour in some selected French and Chinese estuaries. Mar. Chem. 22: 125-136.
Gadd, G. M., 1991. Microbial biosorption of heavy metals and radionuclides for environmental protection. In J.G. Farmer (ed.), Heavy Metals in the Environment, Edinburgh, September 1991: 403-412.
Gaillard, J. F., C. Jeandel, G. Michard, E. Nicolas & D. Renard, 1986. Interstitial water chemistry of Villefranche Bay sediments: trace metal diagenesis. Mar. Chem. 18: 233-247.
Golterman, H. L., 1984. Sediments, modifying and equilibrating factors in the chemistry of freshwaters. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 22: 23-59.
Golterman, H. L., 1995. The role of ironhydroxide-phosphatesulphide system in the phosphate exchange between sediments and overlying water. Hydrobiologia 297: 43-54.
Jenner, H. & T. Browner, 1990. The accumulation of metals and their toxicity in the marine intertidal invertebrates Cerastoderma edule, Macoma balthica, Arenicola marina, exposed to pulverised fuel ash in mesocosms. Envir. Pollut. 66: 139-156.
Johnson, C. A., 1986. The regulation of trace element concentrations in river and estuarine waters contaminated with acid mine drainage: the adsorption of Cu and Zn on amorphous Fe oxyhydroxides. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 50: 2433-2438.
Johnson, C. A. & I. Thornton, 1987. Hydrological and chemical factors controlling the concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn and As in a river system contaminated by acid mine drainage. Wat. Res. 21: 359-365.
Kitts, H. J., G. E. Millward, A. W. Morris & L. Edbon, 1994. Arsenic biogeochemistry in the Humber estuary, U.K. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 39: 157-172.
Lindsay, W. L. & M. Sadiq, 1983. Use of pE + pH to predict and interpret metal solubility relationships in soils. Sci. Total Envir. 28: 169-178.
Martin, J. M., D. M. Guan, F. Elbaz-Poulichet, A. J. Thomas & V. V. Gordeev, 1993. Preliminary assessment of the distributions of some trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn) in a pristine aquatic environment: the Lena River estuary (Russia). Mar. Chem. 43: 185-199.
Michel, P., 1993. L'arsenic en milieu marin; biogéochimie et écotoxicologie. Repères Océan, 4, Ifremer: 62 pp.
Migon, C., 1993. Riverine and atmospheric inputs of heavy metals to the Ligurian Sea. Sci. Total Envir. 138: 289-299.
Migon, C., C. Mori, A. Orsini & R. C. Tian, 1995. Arsenic and antimony contamination in a riverine environment affected by an abandoned realgar mine. Toxicol. Envir. Chem. 52: 221-230.
Mok, W. M. & C. M. Wai, 1990. Distribution and mobilization of arsenic and antimony species in the Coeur d'Alene river, Idaho. Envir. Sci. Technol. 24: 102-108.
Moore, J. N., W. H. Ficklin & C. Johns, 1988. Partitioning of arsenic and metals in reducing sulfidic sediments. Envir. Sci. Technol. 22: 432-437.
Mori, C., 1992. Impact de l'arsenic et de l'antimoine sur les caractéristiques chimiques, biologiques et écologiques du réseau hydrographique de la Bravona (Corse). Master Report, Université de Corse: 61 pp.
Mori, C., A. Orsini & C. Migon, 1999. Impact of arsenic and antimony contamination on benthic invertebrates in aminor Corsican river. Hydrobiologia 392: 73-80.
Roméo, M., 1991. Toxicologie des métaux traces dans l'environnement marin. Océanis, 17: 383-402.
Sadiq, M., 1990. Arsenic chemistry in marine environments: a comparison between theoretical and field observations. Mar. Chem. 31: 285-297.
Shannon, R. L. & D. L. Strayer, 1989. Arsenic-induced skin toxicity. Human. Toxicol. 8: 99-104.
Spehar, R. L., J. T. Fiandt, R. L. Anderson & D. L. DeFoe, 1980. Comparative toxicity of arsenic compounds and their accumulation in invertebrates and fish. Arch. envir. Contam. Toxicol. 9: 53-63.
Turner, A., 1996. Trace-metal partitioning: importance of salinity and particle concentration. Mar. Chem. 54: 27-39.
Windom, H., R. Smith Jr, C. Rawlingson, M. Hungspreugs, S. Dharmvanij & G. Wattayakorn, 1988. Trace metal transport in a tropical estuary. Mar. Chem. 24: 293-305.