Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Relativistic supermassive stars

  • Published:
Astrophysics and Space Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A plausible scenario for the formation of a stable supermassive star in the relativistic regime has been discussed. The onset of the negativity of the `distribution function' in the stable sequences of the star clusters [the stability of star clusters is assured by using the variational method (Chandrasekhar, 1964a,b) for equivalent gas spheres] described by Tolman's type VII solution with vanishing surface density has been regarded as an indication of the conversion of the cluster structure into a supermassive star. For the critical values of the `adiabatic index', (4/3) < γcrit ≤ (5/3) (forwhich a supermassive star represent neutrally stable system), the mass, and the size of this object comes out to be 6.87 × 107 M⊙ ≤M ≤ 1.7 × 109M⊙, and 2.74× 1014 cm ≤ a≤ 1.43× 1015cm respectively, for the central temperature,T0 = 6× 107°K, which is sufficient for the release ofnuclear energy. The total energy released during their evolution rangesfrom 2.46× 1060 - 3.18× 1062 erg, which is sufficient to power these objects at least for a period of ∼ 106 - 107years. These figures agrees quite well with those cited for Quasi Stellar Objects (QSOs) in the literature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Antonov, V.A.: 1962, Vest. Leningrad Univ. 7, 135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antonov, V.A.: 1971, Trudy Astron. Obs. Leningrad Gos. Univ. 28, 64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G.S.: 1998, Astrophys. J. 497, 559.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G.S., Merafina, M., Ruffini, R. and Vesperini, E.: 1993, Astrophys. J. 414, 187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G.S. and Zeldovich, Ya.B.: 1969, Astrofizika 5, 223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bondi, H.: 1964, Proc. Roy. Soc. A 282, 303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cen, R., Ostriker, J. and Peebles, P.J.E.: 1993, Astrophys. J. 415, 423.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekhar, S.: 1964a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 114 & 437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekhar, S.: 1964b, Astrophys. J. 140, 417.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colgate, S.A.: 1967, Astrophys. J. 150, 163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doremus, S. and Feix, M.R.: 1972, Astron. Astrophys. 20, 259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durgapal, M.C. and Rawat, P.S.: 1980, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 192, 659.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fackerell, E.D.: 1968, Astrophys. J. 153, 643.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, W.A.: 1964, Rev. Mod. Phys. 36, 545 & 1104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, W.A.: 1966, Astrophys. J. 144, 180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feynman, R.P.: 1963, Private Communication.

  • Gillon, D., Doremus, J.P. and Baumann, G.: 1976, Astron. Astrophys. 48, 467.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, S.: 1971, Astrophys. Space Sci. 13, 387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henon, M.: 1973, Astron. Astrophys. 24, 229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoyle, F. and Fowler, W.A.: 1963a, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 125, 169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoyle, F. and Fowler, W.A.: 1963b, Nature 197, 533.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iben Jr., I.: 1963, Astrophys. J. 138, 1090.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ipser, J.R. and Horwitz, G.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 232, 863.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kormendy, J., Bender, R., Richstone, D., Ajhar, E.A., Dressler, A., Faber, S.M., Gebhardt, K., Grillmair, C., Lauer T.R. and Tremaine, S.: 1996, Astrophys. J. 459, L57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ledoux, P.: 1958, Handbuch der Physik 51, 605.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynden-Bell, D. and Sannit, N.: 1969, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 143, 167.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin, G. and Fuller, G.: 1996, Astrophys. J. 456, 71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehra, A.L.: 1966, J. Aust. Math. Soc. 6, 153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merafina, M. and Ruffini, R.: 1989, Astron. Astrophys. 221, 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michel, F.C.: 1963, Astrophys. J. 138, 1097.

    Google Scholar 

  • Misner, C.W. and Zapolsky, H.S.: 1964, Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 635.

    Google Scholar 

  • Negi, P.S. and Durgapal, M.C.: 1996, Astrophys. Space Sci. 245, 97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Negi, P.S. and Durgapal, M.C.: 1999, Gen. Relativ. Gravitation 31, 13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oppenheimer, J.R. and Volkoff, G.M.: 1939, Phys. Rev. 55, 374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peebles, P.J.E.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 313, L73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, V.C.: 1997, Dark Matter, Bright Galaxies, AIP Publishers, American Institute of Physics.

  • Sanders, R.: 1970, Astrophys. J. 162, 791.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, S.L. and Teukolsky, S.A.: 1983, Black Holes, White Dwarfs and Newtron Stars: The Physics of compact Objects, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, S.L. and Teukolsky, S.A.: 1985a, Astrophys. J. 292, L41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, S.L. and Teukolsky, S.A.: 1985b, Astrophys. J. 298, 58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spitzer, L. and Hart, M.H.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 164, 399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tolman, R.C.: 1939, Phys. Rev. 55, 364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tooper, R.F.: 1965, Astrophys. J. 142, 1541.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinberg, S.: 1972, Gravitation and Cosmology, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeldovich, Ya.B. and Novikov, I.D.: 1978, Relativistic Astrophysics 1, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago (Midway Reprint).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Kumaun University, Nainital-263 002, India

    P.S. Negi & M.C. Durgapal

Authors
  1. P.S. Negi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M.C. Durgapal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Negi, P., Durgapal, M. Relativistic supermassive stars. Astrophysics and Space Science 275, 185–207 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002707730439

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002707730439

Keywords

Search

Navigation