Abstract
Deterioration of membranes caused by lipoxygenase (LOX) activity under 10 µM PbCl2 or 10 µM HgCl2 was partially alleviated by the exogenous application of 100 µM salicylic acid (SA). In two cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L. cvs. Ratna and IR 36), the presence of SA ameliorated the increased leakage of electrolytes, injury index, and the content of malondialdehyde caused by these heavy metals. Lead decreased H2O2 content whereas Hg increased it in both cultivars. Application of SA increased H2O2 in presence of Pb, while decreased it in presence of Hg. Both Pb and Hg decreased superoxide dismutase activity, while increased peroxidase activity. The activity of catalase was decreased by Hg but increased by Pb and SA reversed their effects. Thus, SA ameliorated the damaging effects of Pb and Hg on membranes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Axelrod, B., Cheesbrough, T.M., Laakso, S.: Lipoxygenase from soybeans.-Methods Enzymol. 71: 441–451, 1981.
Bhattacharjee, S.: Membrane lipid peroxidation, free radical scavengers and ethylene evolution in Amaranthus as affected by lead and cadmium.-Biol. Plant. 40: 131–135, 1997/98.
Bhattacharjee, S., De, B., Mukherjee, A.K.: Lead and cadmium mediated membrane damage in rice. I. Electrolyte leakage, injury index, membrane lipid peroxidation and lipoxygenase activity.-J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit. 6: 3–10, 1996.
Bhattacharyya, M., Choudhuri, M.A.: Heavy metal (Pb2+ and Cd2+) stress-induced damages in Vigna seedlings and possible involvement of phytochelatin-like substances in the mitigation of heavy metal stress.-Indian J. exp. Biol. 33: 236–238, 1995.
Biswas, A.K., Choudhuri, M.A.: Control of senescence of rice leaf by foliar treatment with essential elements.-Sci. Cult. 42: 236–240, 1976.
Chaudhuri, K., Choudhuri, M.A.: Effects of short-term NaCl salinity stress on free radical mediated membrane damage in two jute species.-Indian J. exp. Biol. 31: 327–331, 1993.
De Vos, C.H.R., Schat, H., De Waal, M.A.M., Vooijs, R., Ernst, W.H.O.: Increased resistance to copper-induced damage of the root cell plasmalemma in copper tolerant Silene cucubalus.-Physiol. Plant. 82: 523–528, 1991.
Fuhrer, J.: Ethylene biosynthesis and cadmium toxicity in leaf tissue of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).-Plant Physiol. 70: 162–167, 1982.
Glass, A.D.M.: Influence of phenolic acids on ion uptake: I. Inhibition of phosphate uptake.-Plant Physiol. 51: 1037–1041, 1973.
Harper, I.R., Balke, N.E.: Characterization of the inhibition of K+ absorption in oat roots by salicylic acid.-Plant Physiol. 68: 1349–1353, 1981.
Heath, R.L., Packer, L.: Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation.-Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 125: 189–198, 1985.
Hoxha, Y., Jablnovic, M., Abdullai, K., Filipovic, R.: Catalase activity in plants exposed to contamination with heavy metals.-Acta Biol. Med. Exp. 10(2): 23–26, 1986.
Kacperska, A., Kubacka-Zebalska, M.: Is lipoxygenase involved in the formation of ethylene from ACC?-Physiol. Plant. 64: 333–338, 1985.
Kar, M., Mishra, D.: Catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities during rice leaf senescence.-Plant Physiol. 57: 315–319, 1976.
Kar, M., Feierabend, J.: Changes in the activities of enzymes involved in the amino acid metabolism during the senescence of detached wheat leaves.-Physiol. Plant. 62: 39–44, 1984.
Leslie, C.A., Romani, R.J.: Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis by salicylic acid.-Plant Physiol. 88: 833–837, 1988.
Lynch, D.V., Sridhara, S., Thompson, J.E.: Lipoxygenases generated hydroperoxides account for the non-physiological features of ethylene formation from 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid by microsomal membranes of carnations.-Planta 164: 121–125, 1985.
Mishra, A., Choudhuri, M.A.: Possible implications of heavy metals (Pb2+ and Hg2+) in the free radical-mediated membrane damage in two rice cultivars.-Indian J. Plant Physiol. new Ser. 1: 40–43, 1996.
Mishra, A., Choudhuri, M.A.: Ameliorating effects of salicylic acid on lead and mercury induced inhibition of germination and early seedling growth of two rice cultivars.-Seed Sci. Technol. 25: 263–270, 1997.
Mondal, R., Choudhuri, M.A.: Role of hydrogen peroxide in senescence of excised leaves of rice and maize.-Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz. 176: 700–709, 1981.
Mukherji, S., Maitra, P.: Growth and metabolism of germinating rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds as influenced by toxic concentrations of lead.-Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 81: 26–33, 1977.
Oota, Y.: Short-day flowering of Lamma gibba G3 induced by salicylic acid.-Plant Cell Physiol. 16: 1131–1135, 1975.
Ortega, R.C., Ownby, J.D.: A protein similar to PR (pathogenesis related) protein is elicited by metal toxicity in wheat roots.-Physiol. Plant. 89: 211–219, 1993.
Panse, V.G., Sukhatme, P.T.: Statistical Methods for Agricultural Works. 2nd Ed.-Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 1967.
Pauls, K.P., Thompson, J.E.: Evidence for the accumulation of peroxidized lipids in membrane of senescing cotyledons. Plant Physiol. 75: 1152–1157, 1984.
Pennazio, S., Rogger, P.: Effect of cadmium and nickel on ethylene biosynthesis in soybean.-Biol. Plant. 34: 345–349, 1992.
Peterman, L.K., Siedow, J.N.: Behavior of lipoxygenase during establishment, senescence and rejuvenation of soybean cotyledons.-Plant Physiol. 78: 690–695, 1985.
Raskin, I.: Role of salicylic acid in plants.-Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant mol. Biol. 43: 439–463, 1992.
Roy Chowdhury, S., Choudhuri, M.A.: Hydrogen peroxide metabolism as an index of water stress tolerance in jute.-Physiol. Plant. 65: 503–507, 1985.
Snell, F.D., Snell, C.T.: Colorimetric Methods of Analysis. Vol. IV.-Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 1971.
Somashekararah, B.V., Padmaja, K., Prasad, A.R.K.: Phytotoxicity of cadmium ions on germinating seedlings of mung bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): involvement of lipid peroxides in chlorophyll degradation.-Physiol. Plant. 85: 85–89, 1992.
Sullivan, C.Y.: Mechanism of heat and drought resistance in grain sorghum and methods of measurement.-In: Rao, N.G.P., House, L.R. (ed.): Sorghum in Seventies. Pp. 247–264. Oxford and IBH Publ. Co., New Delhi 1972.
Thompson, J.E.: The molecular basis for membrane deterioration during senescence.-In: Nooden, L.D. Leopold, A.C. (ed.): Senescence and Ageing in Plants. Pp. 51–83. Academic Press, New York 1988.
Vick, B.A., Zimmerman, D.C.: Biosynthesis of jasmonic acid by several plant species.-Plant Physiol. 75: 458–461, 1984.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mishra, A., Choudhuri, M. Effects of Salicylic Acid on Heavy Metal-Induced Membrane Deterioration Mediated by Lipoxygenase in Rice. Biologia Plantarum 42, 409–415 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002469303670
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002469303670