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Formulation and Evaluation of IMS, an Interactive Three-Dimensional Tropospheric Chemical Transport Model 2. Model Chemistry and Comparison of Modelled CH4, CO, and O3 with Surface Measurements

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Abstract

In part two of this series of papers on the IMS model, we present the chemistry reaction mechanism usedand compare modelled CH4, CO, and O3 witha dataset of annual surface measurements. The modelled monthly and 24-hour mean tropospheric OH concentrationsrange between 5–22 × 105 moleculescm−3, indicating an annualaveraged OH concentration of about 10 × 105 moleculescm−3. This valueis close to the estimated 9.7 ± 0.6 × 105 moleculescm−3 calculated fromthe reaction of CH3CCl3 with OH radicals.Comparison with CH4 generally shows good agreementbetween model and measurements, except for the site at Barrow where modelledwetland emission in the summer could be a factor 3 too high.For CO, the pronounced seasonality shown in the measurements is generally reproduced by the model; however, the modelled concentrations are lower thanthe measurements. This discrepancy may due to lower the CO emission,especially from biomass burning,used in the model compared with other studies.For O3, good agreement between the model and measurements is seenat locations which are away from industrial regions. The maximum discrepancies between modelled results and measurementsat tropical and remote marine sites is about 5–10 ppbv,while the discrepancies canexceed 30 ppbv in the industrial regions.Comparisons in rural areas at European and American continental sites arehighly influenced by the local photochemicalproduction, which is difficult to model with a coarse global CTM.The very large variations of O3 at these locations vary from about15–25 ppbv in Januaryto 55–65 ppbv in July–August. The observed annual O3amplitude isabout 40 ppbv compared with about 20 ppbv in the model. An overall comparison of modelled O3 with measurements shows thatthe O3seasonal surface cycle is generally governed bythe relative importance of two key mechanisms that drivea springtime ozone maximum and asummertime ozone maximum.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Atmospheric Science, Cambridge University, CB2 1EW, U.K

    K.-Y. Wang, J. A. Pyle, D. E. Shallcross & D. J. Larry

  2. School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K

    D. E. Shallcross

  3. Department of Geophysics & Planetary Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel

    D. J. Larry

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Wang, KY., Pyle, J.A., Shallcross, D.E. et al. Formulation and Evaluation of IMS, an Interactive Three-Dimensional Tropospheric Chemical Transport Model 2. Model Chemistry and Comparison of Modelled CH4, CO, and O3 with Surface Measurements. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 38, 31–71 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026566105073

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