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Linking population genetics and growth properties of Atlantic cod

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Abstract

It is strongly implicated that cod in the NorthAtlantic Ocean is sub-structured at a smallgeographic scale exemplified by studies fromCanadian, Icelandic, and Norwegian waters. Inthe first part of this review, we reviewedpopulation genetics studies in these threeareas and our conclusion is that, despite someinconsistencies in the numerous genetic studiesof cod in Norwegian and Icelandic waters, andthe northwest Atlantic, these studiesillustrate that cod in the investigated areasconsists of several distinct populations, bothwithin and between areas. However, tounderstand the contradictory results obtainedin some of the studies discussed in thisreview, more knowledge about the influence ofnatural selection, mutation, and genetic drifton the genetic material of cod is necessary.Such knowledge could guide us to the markersgiving the best illustration of the geneticstructure in these areas. Identifying andgenetically characterizing wild stocks areessential steps for their conservation, sinceoverexploitation of genetically differentpopulations can lead to the loss of geneticvariability and productivity in subsequentgenerations.

Motivated by the hypothesis that growthpatterns may reflect specific genotypeadaptations, we reviewed stock specificresponses on growth in the second part of thisreview and try to link these with the differentlife histories within the different stock unitsindicated in the first part of the review. Anexample of genetically-based differencesbetween population units at two spawninglocalities off south Iceland is discussed.Studies have shown conflicting results,depending on which side of the Atlantic theproblem has been investigated. We propose thata common-garden meta-analysis with several codstocks from both sides of the Atlantic isneeded to give any reasonable answer to thequestion of genetically-based growthdifferences.

In this review, we have not tried to quantifyhow large the environmental part of growthregulation is versus the genetic part, as thisinformation is not available in the publishedliterature on cod. Based on recent research ontwo flatfish species (turbot and Atlantichalibut), approximately 30% of growthvariation is caused by genetic factors, but itremains to be seen if this is similar in cod.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Akvaplan-niva, Iceland Office, Akralind 4, 201, Kópavogi, Iceland

    Albert K. Imsland

  2. Department of Fisheries and Marine Biology, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway

    Ólöf Dóra Bartels Jónsdóttir

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  1. Albert K. Imsland
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Imsland, A.K., Jónsdóttir, Ó.D.B. Linking population genetics and growth properties of Atlantic cod. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 13, 1–26 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026373509576

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