Abstract
Foliar Cd and Zn concentrations of hybrid poplars commonlyplanted on sediment-derived soils were assessed in field circumstances. Selected sites covered a range of soil types andplantation characteristics. Reference data for foliar concentrations were established from samples taken in a tree-nursery. Even in the reference situation a large variationin foliar Cd and Zn concentrations was observed, with relative standard deviations in the order of 15%. Foliar concentrations of Cd and Zn in poplars growing on sediment-derived soils increased during the growing season. The accumulation rate was markedly higher on polluted sediment-derived soils than in thereference situation. Poplars grown on polluted sedimentderived soils showed elevated and deviating foliar Cd and Znconcentrations (>7.5 mg Cd kg-1 DW and 320 mg Zn kg-1 DW). A thin unpolluted covering layer did not influence foliarconcentrations. Regardless of site characteristics, poplarage, species or clone, a significant positive relation wasfound between soil and foliar concentration for Zn and to alesser extent for Cd. Bioconcentration factors for Cd and Znwere higher than one in baseline situations, but mostly lowerthan one on polluted sediment-derived soils. Cd:Zn ratio wason the average twice as high as in the soil. Leaf beetlesshowed normal body concentrations for Zn, but higher Cdconcentrations than in reference situations. BCFs were lowerthan one on sediment-derived soils. Foliar results indicateda possible threat in long-term habitat development of poplarplantations. This conclusion was confirmed by the significanthigher Cd concentrations in leaf beetles grown on poplarswith deviant foliar concentrations. However, litterdecomposition rates were generally evaluated as normal.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bartels,U.: 2000, 4th Needle/Leaf Interlaboratory Test 1999/2000 ICP-Forests. Pre-Report (10 April, 2000), North Rhine-Westfalia State Environment Agency, Essen.
Blair, D. F.: 1995, Arborist Equipment. A Guide to the Tools and Equipment of Tree Maintenance and Removal, International Society of Arboriculture, Savoy, Illinois.
Claussen, T.: 1990, 'Dry ash, a better reference base than dry matter for heavy metals and other persistent pollutants', Plant Soil 127, 91-95.
Cottenie, A. and Verloo, M.: 1985, Chemische Karakterisatie van Bodemverontreiniging, Universiteit Gent, Gent.
Djingova, R. and Kuleff, I.: 1994, 'On the Sampling of Vascular Plants for Monitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution', in B. Markert (ed.), Environmental Sampling for Trace Analysis, VCH, Weinheim, New York, Basel, Cambridge, pp. 395-414.
Djingova, R., Wagner, G. and Peshev, D.: 1995. 'Heavy metal distribution in Bulgaria using Populus nigra 'Italica' as biomonitor', Sci. Total Environ. 172, 151-158.
Djingova R., Wagner, G., Kuleff, I. and Peshev, D.: 1996, 'Investigations on the time-dependant variations in metal concentration in the leaves of Populus nigra 'Italica'', Sci. Total Environ. 184, 197-202.
Djingova, R., Wagner, G. and Kuleff, I.: 1999, 'Screening of heavy metal pollution in Bulgaria using Populus nigra 'Italica'', Sci. Total Environ. 234, 175-184.
Drobne, D. and Hopkin, S. P.: 1995, 'The toxicity of zinc to terrestrial isopods in a 'standard' laboratory test', Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 31, 1-6.
Eriksson, J. and Ledin, S.: 1999, 'Changes in phytoavailability and concentration of cadmium in soil following long term Salix cropping', Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 114, 171-184.
Ernst, W.: 1990, 'Element Allocation and (Re)translocation in Plants and its Impact on Representative Sampling', in H. Lieth and B. Markert (eds), Element Concentration Cadaster in Ecosystems, VCH, Weinheim, New York, Basel, Cambridge, pp. 17-40.
Gambrell, R. P. and Patrick Jr., W. H.: 1988, 'The Influence of Redox Potential on the Environmental Chemistry of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments', in D. D. Hook (ed.), The Ecology of Wetlands. Vol. I. Ecology of Wetlands, Croom Helm, London, pp. 319-333.
Gambrell, R. P. and Patrick, W. H.: 1989, 'Cu, Zn and Cd Availability in a Sludge-amended Soil under Controlled pH and Redox Potential Conditions', in B. Bar-Yosef et al. (eds), Inorganic Contaminants in the Vadose Zone, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 89-106.
Godbold, D. L., Litzinger, M. and Griese, C.: 1991, 'Cadmium toxicity in clones of Populus tremula', Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 57-58, 209-215.
Luyssaert, S.: 2001, 'Spatial Variability of the Cadmium Concentration in the Crown of Salix fragilis L. and its Implication for Leaf Sampling ('Ruimtelijke Variabiliteit van de Cadmium Concentratie in de Kroon van Salix fragilis L. en de Implicaties voor Bladbemonstering), Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (Ph.D.) in Applied Biological Sciences Section Land-and Forest Management. University of Ghent, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Gent.
Luyssaert, S., Van Meirvenne, M. and Lust, N.: 2001, 'Cadmium variability in leaves of a Salix fragilis: Simulation and implications for leaf sampling', Can. J. For. Res. 31, 313-321.
Martin, M. H. and Bullock, R. J.: 1994, 'The Impact and Fate of Heavy Metals in an Oak Woodland Ecosystem', in Sheila M. Ross (ed.), Toxic Metals in Soil-Plant Systems, John Wiley, Chichester, pp. 327-366.
Mathias, F.: 2001, Guide Pratique du Grimpeur-élagueur, Editions SFA, Châteauneuf-du-Rhône, 152 pp.
Mathsoft: 1999, S PLUS 2000. Modern Statistics and Advanced Graphics. Guide to Statistics, Data Analysis Products Division, Mathsoft, Seattle.
Merrington, G., Miller, D., McLaughin, M. J. and Keller, M. A.: 2001, 'Trophic barriers to fertilizer Cd bioaccumulation through the food chain: A case study using a plant-insect predator pathway', Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 41, 151-156.
Nissen, L. R. and Lepp, N. W.: 1997, 'Baseline concentrations of copper and zinc in shoot tissues of a range of Salix species', Biomass Bioenerg. 12(2), 115-120.
Robinson, B. H., Mills, T. M., Petit, D., Fung, L. E., Green, S. R. and Clothier B. E.: 2000, 'Natural and induced cadmium-accumulation in poplar and willow: Implications for phytoremediation', Plant Soil 227, 301-306.
Severson, R. C., Gough, L. P. and Van den Boom, G.: 1992, 'Baseline element concentrations in soils and plants, Wattenmeer National Park, North and East Frisian islands, Federal Republic of Germany', Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 61, 169-184.
Singh, S. P., Tack, F. M. G. and Verloo, M.: 1996, 'Extractability and bioavailability of heavy metals in dredged sediment derived surface soils', Chem. Speciat. Bioavailab. 8, 105-110.
Singh, S. P., Tack, F. M. and Verloo, M. G.: 1998, 'Heavy metal fractionation and extractability in dredged sediment derived surface soils', Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 102, 313-328.
Swennen, R., Van der Sluys, J., Hindel, R. and Brusselmans, A.: 1997, 'Geochemical characterisation of overbank sediments: A way to assess background reference data and environmental pollution in highly industrialised areas (such as Belgium and Luxembourg)', Zbl. Geol. Paläont., Teil I 9-10, 925-942.
Tack, F. M. G., Verloo, M. G., Vanmechelen, L. and Van Ranst, E.: 1997, 'Baseline concentration levels of trace elements as a function of clay and organic carbon contents in soils in Flanders (Belgium)', Sci. Total Environ. 201, 113-123.
Tack, F. M. G., Singh, S. P. and Verloo, M. G.: 1998, 'Heavy metal concentrations in consecutive saturation extracts of dredged sediment derived surface soils', Environ. Pollut. 103, 109-115.
Tack, F. M. G., Singh, S. P. and Verloo, M. G.: 1999, 'Leaching behaviour of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in surface soils derived from dredged sediments', Environ. Pollut. 106, 107-114.
Tack, F. M. G., Bogaert, N., Verloo, M. G., Hendrickx, F., Maelfait, J.-P. and Mertens, J.: 2000, 'Determination of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in woodlouse (Oniscus Asellus)', Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 78(2), 149-158.
UN/ECE-EC: 1998, Manual on Methods and Criteria for Harmonized Sampling, Assessment, Monitoring and Analysis of the Effects of Air Pollution on Forests. PCC-BHF, ed. 4, International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests, BFH, Hamburg.
Vandecasteele, B., De Vos, B., Lauriks, R. and Buysse, C.: 2000, Baggergronden in Vlaanderen. Analyses van de Bladstalen 1997, 1998 en 1999, Mei 2000. In opdracht van Administratie Waterwegen en Zeewezen. IBW Bb R 2000.004, IBW, Geraardsbergen.
Vandecasteele, B., De Vos, B. and Tack, F.M. G.: 2002a, 'Heavy metal contents in surface soils along the Upper Schelde river (Belgium) affected by historical upland disposal of dredged materials', Sci. Total Environ. 290(1-3), 1-14.
Vandecasteele, B., De Vos, B. and Tack, F. M. G.: 2002b, 'Identification of dredged sediment-derived soils in the alluvial plains of the Leie, the Upper and Sea Schelde river (B) based on physicochemical soil properties', J. Environ. Monit. 4(2), 306-312.
Vandecasteele, B., De Vos, B. and Tack, F. M. G.: 2002c, 'Cadmium and Zinc uptake by volunteer willow species and elder rooting in polluted dredged sediment disposal sites', Sci. Total Environ. 299, 191-205.
Vandecasteele, B., De Vos, B. and Tack, F. M. G.: 2003, 'Temporal-spatial trends in heavy metal contents in sediment-derived soils along the Sea Schelde river (Belgium)', Environ. Pollut. 122, 7-18.
Van den Berg, G. A., Loch, J. P. G. and Winkels, H. J.: 1998, 'Effect of fluctuating hydrological conditions on the mobility of heavy metals in soils of a freshwater estuary in The Netherlands', Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 102, 377-388.
Van der Drift, J.: 1963, 'The Disappearance of Litter in Mull and Mor in Connection with Weather Conditions and the Activity of Macrofauna', in J. Doeksen, J. and Van der Drift (eds), Soil Organisms, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, pp. 125-133.
Van Noordwijk, M., Van Driel, W., Brouwer, G. and Schuurmans, W.: 1995, 'Heavy-metal uptake by crops from polluted river sediments covered by non-polluted topsoil. II. Cd-uptake by maize in relation to root development', Plant Soil 175, 105-113.
Van Ranst, E., Verloo, M., Demeyer, A. and Pauwels, J. M.: 1999, Manual for the Soil Chemistry and Fertility Laboratory, International Training Centre for Post-Graduate Soil Scientists, Gent.
Van Slycken, J. and Baeyens, L.: 1990, 'Field Excursion Holsbeek', Joint Meeting of the I.E.A.-Task 5 Activity Groups on Exchange of Genetic Material, Joint Trails of Alnus, Populus and Salix, Pest/disease Management, 11-14 September 1990, Poplar Research Centre, Geraardsbergen.
Van Straalen, N. M. and Denneman, C. A. J.: 1989, 'Ecotoxicological evaluation of soil quality criteria', Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 18, 241-251.
Wagner, G.: 1993, 'Large-scale Screening of Heavy Metal Burdens in Higher Plants', in B. Markert (ed.), Plants as Biomonitors, VCH, Weinheim, pp. 425-434.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vandecasteele, B., Lauriks, R., De Vos, B. et al. Cd and Zn Concentration in Hybrid Poplar Foliage and Leaf Beetles Grown on Polluted Sediment-Derived Soils. Environ Monit Assess 89, 263–283 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026199315337
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026199315337