Abstract
The influence of BA, GA3 and IAA applied successively onflower bud formation in shoot apices of Pharbitis nil hasbeen investigated. The shoot apices were isolated from seedlings cultivatedunder non-inductive continuous light and from seedlings exposed to asubinductive (12 h) dark period. BA and GA3 introducedsuccessively into culture medium replaced the inductive night, causing theflowering of plantlets in completely non-inductive continuous light (optimalconcentration of BA – 10−7–10−6mol dm−3, GA3 –10−7–10−6 moldm−3) and stimulated this process under thesubthresholdinduction. These hormones applied in reverse sequence (in the first placeGA3, then BA) did not affect flowering of explants. IAA nullifiedthestimulating effect of BA and GA3. The influence of phytohormones onflowering may result from the change of growth correlations within the shootapical meristem.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ali A. and Fletcher R. 1970. Hormonal regulation of apical dominance in soybeans. Can J. Bot. 48: 1989–1994.
Bernier G. 1988. The control of floral evocation and morphogenesis. Ann. Rev. Plant. Physiol. Plant. Mol. Biol. 39: 175–219.
Bernier G., Kinet J.M. and Sachs R.M. 1981. The physiology of flowering, Vol. II. Transition to reproductive growth. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
Bernier G., Lejeune P., Jaqmard A. and Kinet J.M. 1990. Cytokinins in flower initiations. In: Pharis R.P. and Rood S.B. (eds), Plant Growth Substances. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 486–491.
Chailakhyan M.K.h., Gukasyan I.A. and Petoyan T.S. 1988. Phytohormone influence on differentiation of flower buds in the short-day species Xanthium strumarium in vitro. Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. 303: 1019–1023.
Chlyah H. 1973. Nèoformation dirigèe à partir de fragments d'organes de Torenia fournieri (Lind.) cultivès in vitro. Biol. Pl. 15: 80–87.
Galoch E. 1987. Hormonal regulation of apical dominance. Wiad. Bot. 31: 145–156.
Galoch E., Burkacka-Łaukajtys E. and Kopcewicz J. 1996. Effect of cytokinins on flower differentiation in cultured plantlets of Pharbitis nil Chois. Acta. Physiol. Plant 18: 223–227.
Galoch E., Czaplewska J. and Kopcewicz J. 1995. Flower-promoting activity of gibberellin A3 in Pharbitis nil apex cultures exposed to various photoperiods. Acta. Physiol. Plant. 17: 71–76.
Herbert R.J., Francis D. and Ormrod J.C. 1992. Cellular and morphological changes at the terminal shoot apex of the short-day plant Pharbitis nil during the transition to flowering. Physiol. Plant. 86: 85–92.
Kinet J.M. 1993. Environmental, chemical, and genetic control of flowering. In: Janick J. (ed.), Hortic. Rev., pp. 279–333.
Kulikowska-Gulewska H., Cymerski M., Czaplewska J. and Kopcewicz J. 1995. IAA in the control of photoperiodic flower induction of Pharbitis nil Chois. Acta. Soc. Bot. Pol. 64: 45–50.
Machačkova I. and Krekule J. 1991. Cytokinins in photoperiodic flower induction in Chenopodium species. Flowering News 12: 15–17.
Matsushima H., Itoyama T., Mashiko Y. and Mizukoshi T. 1974. Critical time of floral differentiation in Pharbitis nil shoot apex. In: Plant Growth Substances 1973. Hirokawa Publishing Company, Tokio, pp. 967–973.
Murashige T. and Skoog F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473–497.
Nitsch C. and Nitsch J.P. 1967. The induction of flowering in vitro in stem segments of Plumbago indica L. II. The production of reproductive bud. Planta. 72: 371–384.
Phillips D.A. and Cleland C. 1972. Cytokinin activity from the phloem sap of Xanthium strumarium L. Planta. 102: 173–178.
Tanimoto S. and Harada H. 1981. Chemical factors controlling floral bud formation of Torenia stem segments cultured in vitro II. Effects of growth regulators. Plant. Cell. Physiol. 22: 543–550.
Vince-Prue D. and Gressel J. 1985. Pharbitis nil. En. Japanese Morning Glory. In: Halevy A.H. (ed.), Handbook of flowering. Vol. IV. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 47–81.
Wijayanti L., Fujioka S., Kobayashi M. and Sakurai A. 1997. Involvement of abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid in the flowering of Pharbitis nil. J. Plant. Growth Regul. 16: 115–119.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Galoch, E., Czaplewska, J., Burkacka-Łaukajtys, E. et al. Induction and stimulation of in vitro flowering of Pharbitis nil by cytokinin and gibberellin. Plant Growth Regulation 37, 199–205 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020844013751
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020844013751