Abstract
This study examined temporal surface ozone patternsfor two urban centres in Manitoba,Canada by analyzing hourly concentrations at theWinnipeg downtown (1995–1999), Winnipegresidential (1995–1999) and Brandon industrial(1998–1999) monitoring sites. The characteristicannual ozone cycle and diurnalcycles for June and December were attributable to: (1) theannual and diurnal solar radiation cycles,(2) temporal variations in the emissions of precursorchemical compounds, in particular the source strength ofnitrogen oxides, (3) temporal variationsin the height of the mixed layer, which determinethe degree of dilution of these emissions byatmospheric dispersion, and (4) an in situvolatile organic compound sensitive photochemicalregime, which resulted in decreased concentrations ofozone in response to increasedconcentrations of nitrogen oxides. Onlyone exceedance of the maximum acceptable level of82 ppb was recorded in the study period; itoccurred at the Brandon monitoring site on June 6, 1999.The sequence of weather and the hourly concentrationsof ozone and nitrogen oxides indicatedthat: (1) ozone fumigation, with the transition fromthe nocturnal boundary layer to the daytime mixed layer, mayhave supplemented photochemical ozone formation duringthe morning hours, and (2) during theevening hours, the post cold-frontal downward flux ofozone rich air, which was in the region dueto atmospheric transport, stratosphere-troposphere-exchangeor, possibly, due to the multiplicityof thunderstorms in the area in lateafternoon – early evening, may have been the main cause ofthis rare exceedance event.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Angle, R. P. andSandhu, H. S.: 1989, ‘Urban and Rural Ozone Concentrations in Alberta, Canada’ Atmos. Environ. 23, 215-221.
Benkley, C. W. andSchulman, L. L.: 1979, ‘Estimating Hourly Mixing Depths from Historical Meteorological Data’ J. Appl. Meteorol. 18, 772-780.
Berkowitz, C. M.,Fast, J. D.,Springston, S. R.,Larson, R. J.,Spicer, C.W.,Doskey, P. V.,Hubbe, J. H., andPlastridge, R.: 1998, ‘Formation Mechanisms and Chemical Characteristics of Elevated Photochemical Layers over the Northeast United States’ J. Geophys. Res. 103(D9), 10,631-10,647.
Burnett, R. T.,Brooks, J. R.,Yung, W. T.,Dales, R. E., andKrewski, D.: 1997, ‘Association between Ozone and Hospitalization for Respiratory Disease in 16 Canadian Citie s’ Environ. Res. 72, 24-31.
Cheng, L.,Fu, L.,Angle, R. P., andSandhu, H. S.: 1996, ‘Seasonal Variations of Volitile Organic Compounds in Edmonton, Alberta’ Atmos. Environ. 31, 239-246.
Cote, J.,Gravel, S.,Methot, A.,Patoine, A.,Roch, M., andStaniforth, A.: 1998, ‘The Operational CMC-MRB Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) Model. Part 1: Design Considerations and Formulation’ Mon. Wea. Rev. 126, 1373-1395.
Danard, M.: 1977, ‘A Simple Model for Mesoscale Effects of Topography on Surface Winds’ Mon. Wea. Rev. 105, 572-581.
Environment Canada: 1982, Canadian Climate Normals, Vol. 1. Solar Radiation, Supply & Services Canada, Cat. No. En56-601-1982, Ottawa, Canada, 57 pp.
Environment Canada: 1991, The State of Canada's Environment, Ch. 17-Prairie Grasslands, Supply & Services, Cat. No. En21-54/1991E, Ottawa, Canada, pp. 4-8.
Environment Canada: 1993, Canadian Climate Normals 1961-1990, Prairie Provinces, Supply & Services, Cat. No. En56-61/2-1993, Ottawa, Canada, 266 pp.
Freiburg, P. S.: 1998, ‘Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Concentrations at an Elevated Site of the Olympic Tower in Munich’ Meteorol. Z. N.F. 7, 129-138.
Holton, J. R.,Haynes, P. H.,McIntyre, M. E.,Douglass, A. R.,Rood, R. B., andPfister, L.: 1995, ‘Stratospheric-Tropospheric Exchange’ Rev. Geophys. 33, 403-439.
Krawchuk, B. P.: 1998, Manitoba Ambient Air Quality Annual Report for 1995 and 1996, Manitoba Department of Environment, Air Quality Section, Report No. 98-03, 79 pp.
Lelieveld, J. andDentener, F. J.: 2000, ‘What Controls Tropospheric Ozone?’ J. Geophys. Res. 105(D3), 3531-3551.
Milford, J.,Gao, D.,Sillman, S.,Blossey, P., andRussell, A. G.: 1994, ‘Total Reactive Nitrogen (NOy) as an Indicator for the Sensitivity of NOx and Hydrocarbons’ J. Geophys. Res. 33, 1821-1845.
Oke, T. R.: 1987, Boundary Layer Climate, 2nd edn., Methuen, London, U.K., 435 pp.
Olivotto, C. andBottenheim, J. W.: 1998, ‘Canadian NOx/VOC Science Assessment: Science and Policy Linkages’ Environ. Poll. 102, 619-624.
Phillips, D.: 1990, The Climates of Canada, Supply & Services Canada, Cat. No. En56-1/1990E. Ottawa, Canada, pp. 106-111.
Raddatz, R. L.: 1993, ‘Prairie Agroclimate Boundary-Layer Model: A Simulation of the Atmosphere/Crop-Soil Interface’ Atmos.-Ocean 31, 399-419.
Raddatz, R. L.: 1998, ‘Anthropogenic Vegetation Transformation and the Potential for Deep Convection on the Canadian Prairies’ Can. J. Soil Sci. 78, 656-666.
Raddatz, R. L.: 2000, ‘Summer Rainfall Recycling for an Agricultural Region of the Canadian Prairies’ Can. J. Soil Sci. 80, 367-373.
Senes Consulting Ltd.: 1997, A Mixing Height Study for North America (1987-1991), Environment Canada, Downsview, Canada, 23 pp.
Sillman, S.: 1999, ‘The Relationship between Ozone, NOx and Hydrocarbons in Urban and Polluted Rural Environments’ Atmos. Environ. 33, 1821-1845.
Soloman, P.,Cowling, E.,Hidy, G., andFuriness, C.: 2000, ‘Comparison of Scientific Findings from Major Ozone Field Studies in North America and Europe’ Atmos. Environ. 34, 1885-1920.
Willett, H. C. andSanders, F.: 1959, Descriptive Meteorology, 2nd edn., Academic Press, New York, 355 pp.
Zhang, J. andRoa, T.: 1999, ‘The Role of Vertical Mixing in the Temporal Evolution of Ground Level Ozone Concentrations’ J. Appl. Meteorol. 38, 1674-1691.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Raddatz, R.L., Cummine, J.D. Temporal Surface Ozone Patterns in Urban Manitoba, Canada. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 99, 411–428 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018983012168
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018983012168