Skip to main content
Log in

Wage and Non-Wage Compensation Among Young Alcoholic and Heavy Drinking Women: A Preliminary Analysis

  • Published:
Journal of Family and Economic Issues Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The association between drinking and selected job characteristics among women aged 24 to 31 is examined. Using the 1989 NLSY, women are classified as alcohol abusers or dependent based on DSM-III-R criteria or as heavy drinkers based on reported frequency of six or more drinks. Heavy drinking is negatively associated with wage and non-wage compensation. These effects diminish when human capital measures are controlled. Current alcoholism and current and past heavy drinking are strongly negatively associated with years of schooling. The association between alcoholism and job compensation and characteristics is not as strong as that seen for heavy drinking. It is not known if this is a consequence of errors in identifying alcoholic women in population-based surveys.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder: DSM-III-R, 3rded., revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ames, G., Schmidt, C., Klee, L., & Saltz, R. (1996). Combining methods to identify new measures of women's drinking problems. Part I: Ethnographic Stage. Addiction, 91(6), 829–844.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashley, M.J., Olin, J.S., le Riche, W.H., Kornacaczewski, A., Schmidt, W., & Rankin, J.G. (1977). Morbidity in alcoholics: Evidence for accelerated development of physical disease in women. Archives of Internal Medicine, 137(7), 883-887.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, G. S. (1965). A theory of the allocation of time. Economic Journal, 75(299), 493–517.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckman, L.J. (1978). Self-esteem of women alcoholics. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 39, 491–498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, M. C., & Leigh, J.P. (1988). The effect of alcohol use on wages. Applied Economics, 20, 1343–1351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cahalan, D., Cisin, I.H., & Crossley, H.M. (1969). American drinking practice. New Haven, CT: College and University Press.

  • Corrigan, E.M. (1985). Gender differences in alcohol and other drug use. Addictive Behaviors, 10, 313–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomberg, E.S.L. (1986). Women and alcoholism: Psychosocial issues.Women and Alcohol: Health-Related Issues. Research Monograph No. 16. (DHHS Publication No. ADM 86-1139, pp. 78–120). Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.

  • Gomberg, E.S.L. (1991). Women and alcohol: Psychosocial aspects. In D.J. Pittman & H.R. White (Eds.), Society, culture and drinking patterns reexamined (pp. 263–284). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies Publication Division.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomberg, E.S.L. (1993). Women and alcohol: Use and abuse. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 181, 211–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammer, T., & Vaglum, P. (1989). The increase in alcohol consumption among women: A phenomenon related to accessibility or stress? A general population study. British Journal of Addiction, 84, 767–775.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harford, T. C., & Grant, B. F. (1994). Prevalence and population validity of DSM-III-R Alcohol Abuse and Dependence: The 1989 National Longitudinal Survey on Youth. Journal of Substance Abuse, 6, 37–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helzer, J.E., Burnam, A., & McEvoy, L.T. (1991). Alcohol abuse and dependence. In L.N. Robins & D.A. Regier (Eds.), Psychiatric disorder in America: Epidemiologic catchment area study (pp. 51–115). New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herd, D. (1988). Drinking by black and white women: Results from a national survey. Social Problems, 35, 493–505.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hesselbrock, M.N., Meyer, R.E., & Keener, J.K. (1985). Psychopathology in hospitalized alcoholics. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 1050–1055.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, S.Y. (1986). Physiological effects of alcohol in women. Women and alcohol: Healthrelated issues. Research Monograph No. 16. (DHHS Publication No. ADM 86-1139, pp. 199–214). Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hislop, W.S., Bouchier, I.A., Allen, J.G., Brunt, P.W., Eastwood, M., Finlayson, N.D., James, O., Russell, R.I., & Watkinson, G. (1983). Alcoholic liver disease in Scotland and northeastern England: Presenting features in 510 patients. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 52(206), 232–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holck, S.E., Warren, C.W., Smith, J.C., & Rochat, R.W. (1984). Alcohol consumption among Mexican American and Anglo women: Results of a survey along the U.S. Mexico border. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 45, 149–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, A. S., Miller, D.J., & Salkever, D.S. (1999). Parental use of alcohol and children's behavioral health: A household production analysis. Health Economics, 8(8), 661–683.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenkel, D.S., & Ribar, D.C. (1994). Alcohol consumption and young adults' socioeconomic status. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: Microeconomics, Washington, DC: Brookings Institute, pp. 119–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenkel, D.S., & Wang, P. (1999). Are alcoholics in bad jobs? In F.J. Chaloupka, M. Grossman, W.K. Bickel, & H. Saffer, (Eds.), The Economic Analysis of Substance Use and Abuse: An Integration of Econometric and Behavioral Economic Research (pp. 251–278). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • LaRosa, J.H. (1990). Executive women and health: Perspectives and practices. American Journal of Public Health, 80, 1450–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lennon, M.C. (1987). Sex differences in distress: The impact of gender and work roles. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 28, 290–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malin, H., Coakley, J., & Kaelber, C. (1982). An epidemiologic perspective on alcohol use and abuse in the United States. Alcohol Consumption and Related Problems, (DHHS Publication No. ADM 82-1190, pp. 99–153). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCrady, B.S. (1988). Alcoholism. In E.A. Blechman & K.O. Brownell (Eds.) Handbook of Behavioral Medicine for Women. New York: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, B.A., & Downs, W.R. (1993). The impact of family violence on the use of alcohol by women. Alcohol Health and Research World, 17, 137–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, B.A., Downs, W.R., Gondoli, D.M., & Keil, A. (1987). The role of childhood sexual abuse in the development of alcoholism in women. Violence Victims, 2, 157–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullahy, J., & Sindelar, J.L. (1991). Gender differences in labor market effects of alcoholism. American Economic Review, 81, 161–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholls, P., Edwards, G., & Kyle, E. (1974). Alcoholics admitted to four hospitals in England: General and cause-specific mortality. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 35(3), 841–855.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, D.A., Parker, E.S., Wolz, M.W., & Harford, T.C. (1980). Sex roles and alcohol consumption: A research note. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 43–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, H.E., Glaser, F.B., & Stiasny, S. (1988). Sex differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with alcohol and drug problems. British Journal of Addiction, 83, 1179–1192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saltz, R., & Ames, G. (1996). Combining methods to identify new measures of women's drinking problems. Part II: The survey stage. Addiction, 91(7): 1041–1051.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shore, E.R. (1992). Drinking patterns and problems among women and paid employment. Alcohol Health and Research World, 16, 160–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shore, E.R., & Batt, S. (1991). Contextual factors related to the drinking behaviors of American business and professional women. British Journal of Addiction, 86, 171–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, E.M., Cloninger, C.R., & Bradford, S. (1983). Predictors of mortality in alcoholic women: A prospective follow-up study. Alcoholism, 7, 237–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spain, D.M. (1945). Portal cirrhosis of the liver: A review of 250 necropsies with reference to sex differences. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 15, 215–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Thiel, D.H., Tarter, R.E., Rosenblum, E., & Gaveler, J.S. (1989). Ethanol, its metabolism and gonadal effects: Does sex make a difference? In E. Gordis, B. Tabakoff, M. Linnoila (Eds.) Alcohol Research from Bench to Bedside. New York: Haworth, 131–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, P. (1980). Sex differences in morbidity of alcoholics. In O.J. Kalant (Ed.) Alcohol and Drug Problems in Women. New York: Plenum Publishing Corp., 331–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilsnack, R.W., & Cheloha, R. (1987). Women's roles and problem drinking across the lifespan. Social Problems, 34, 231–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilsnack, R.W., Wilsnack, S.C., & Klassen, A.D. (1984). Women's drinking and drinking problems: Patterns from a 1981 national survey. American Journal of Public Health. 74, 1231–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilsnack, S.C., Wilsnack, R.W., & Klassen, A.D. (1986). Epidemiological research on women's drinking, 1978-1984. Women and Alcohol: Health-Related Issues, (DHHS Publication No. ADM 86-1139) Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilsnack, R.W., & Wright, S.I. (1991, August). Women in predominantly male occupations: Relationships to problem drinking. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for the Study of Social Problems, Cincinnati, OH.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jones, A.S. Wage and Non-Wage Compensation Among Young Alcoholic and Heavy Drinking Women: A Preliminary Analysis. Journal of Family and Economic Issues 23, 3–25 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014217129292

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014217129292

Navigation