Skip to main content
Log in

Usage patterns of benzodiazepines in a Dutch community: a 10‐year follow‐up.

  • Published:
Pharmacy World and Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Only a few longitudinal studies have addressed benzodiazepine use over time. We therefore conducted a 10‐year follow‐up study (1983‐1992) on usage patterns of benzodiazepines in a Dutch community of 13500 people. Use decreased during the time of the study. Twelve (1983) to ten (1992) percent of the inhabitants was a recipient at least once a year of a benzodiazepine prescription. The use by gender showed more women using more prescriptions as men. Women were not prescribed more DDDs per prescription as men. Individual benzodiazepines showed differences in use by gender. Use increased with age among both women and men. Most of the users were 55 years or older. One out of three patients was either an incidental user (1‐30 days use in one calendar year), a regular (31‐180 days), or a long term user (more than 180 days). The use of long half‐life hypnotics decreased, the use of the short half‐life ones showed an increase. Behind a stable overall trend we found strong fluctuations in use of individual benzodiazepines.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Woods JH, Katz JL, Winger G. Benzodiazepines: use, abuse, and consequences. Pharm Reviews 1992;44: 151–338.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Nicholson AN. Hypnotics. Their place in pherapeutics. Drugs 1986;31: 164–176.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Herings RMC. Effecten van chronisch en gecombineerd gebruik van geneesmiddelen [Effects of chronic and combined medicine use]. Utrecht, Utrecht University, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Mellinger GD, Balter MB, Uhlenhuth EH. Prevalence and correlates of the long-term regular use of anxiolytics. JAMA 1984;251: 375–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ekedahl A, Lidbeck J, Lithman T, Noreen D, Melander A. Benzodiazepine prescribing patterns in a high-prescribing Scandinavian community. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993;44: 141–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Mellinger GD, Balter MB, Uhlenhuth EH. Anti-anxiety agents: duration of use and characteristics of users in the U.S.A. Curr Med Res Opin 1984;8: Suppl.4.

  7. Olfson M, Pincus HA. Use of benzodiazepines in the community. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:1235–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Dunbar GC, Perera MH, Jenner FA. Patterns of benzodiazepine use in Great Britain as measured by a general population survey. Br J Psychiatry 1989;155: 836–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Lader M. Dependence on benzodiazepines. J Clin Psychiatry 44;1983: 121–7.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Owen RT, Tyrer P. Benzodiazepine dependence. A review of the evidence. Drugs 25;1983: 385–98.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ. Use of benzodiazepines in anxiety disorders. N Engl J Med 328;1993: 1398–405.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Herings RMC, Stricker BHC, De Boer A, Bakker A, Sturmans F. Benzodiazepines and the risk of falling leading to femur fractures. Arch Intern Med 155;1995: 1801–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Isacson D, Smedby B. Patterns of psychotropic drug use in a Swedish community. Scand J Prim Health Care 1988;6: 51–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Isacson D, Carsjo K, Bergman U, Blackburn JL. Long-term use of benzodiazepines in a Swedish community: An eight-year folluw-up. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45: 429–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Van der Waals FW, Mohrs J, Foets M. Sex differences among recipients of benzodiazepines in Dutch general practice. Br Med J 1993;307: 363–6.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Riska E, Klaukka T. Use of psychotropic drugs in Finland. Soc Sci Med 1984;19: 983–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek [Central Office of Statistics]. Vademecum gezondheidsstatistiek Nederland [Vade Mecum Dutch Health Statistics]. Den Haag: Staatsdrukkerij Uitgeverij, 1989 and 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Lagro-Janssen ALM, Liberton IJW. Profielen van regelmatige gebruikers van benzodiazepinen in een huisartsenpraktijk [Profiles of regular users of benzodiazepines in a general practice]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1993;137: 1969–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. IMS Nederland BV. Angst. Diagnose informatie en medische statistiek [Anxiety. Diagnosis information and medical statistics]. Den Haag: IMS Nederland BV, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Joseph KS. The evolution of clinical practice and time trends in drug effects. J Clin Epidemiol 1994;47(6): 593–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Romach M, Busto U, Somer G, Kaplan HL, Sellers E. Clinical aspects of chronic use of alprazolam and lorazepam. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152(8): 1161–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Tyrer P, Rutherford D, Huggett T. Benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms and propranolol. Lancet; 1981: 520–2.

  23. Cooperstock R, Parnell P. Research on psychotropic drug use: a review of findings and methods. Soc Sci Med 1982;16: 1179–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Bridges-Webb C, Mant A, Hall W. Psychotropic drug prescribing in an Australian general practice. Family Practice 1984;1: 106–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Rodrigo EK, King MB, Williams P. Health of long term benzodiazepine users. BMJ 1988;296: 603–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Morabia A, Fabre J, Dunand J. The influence of patient and physician gender on prescription of psychotropic drugs. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45: 111–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

van Hulten, R., Leufkens, H.G. & Bakker, A. Usage patterns of benzodiazepines in a Dutch community: a 10‐year follow‐up.. Pharm World Sci 20, 78–82 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008636707219

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008636707219

Navigation