Abstract
Larvae and adults of Anisakis, recovered from the beaked whales Mesoplodon layardii and Ziphius cavirostris from the Mediterranean Sea and South African waters, were analysed morphologically and by molecular markers (allozymes). A new Anisakis species was identified, showing fixed allele differences at a number of loci from the other Anisakis spp. tested (A. simplex complex, A. physeteris). The lack of hybrid or recombinant genotypes in mixed infections with A. pegreffii, A. simplex C and A. physeteris, as well as the high values of genetic distance (average DNei = 1.65 from the members of the A. simplex complex, and DNei = 3.09 from A. physeteris) showed that the new species is reproductively isolated. This new Anisakis species is morphologically different from the other Anisakis retained by Davey (1971) as either good species or species inquirendae. The name Anisakis ziphidarum n. sp. is proposed for the new species.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brewer, G.J. & Sing, C.F. (1970) An introduction to isozyme techniques. New York & London: Academic Press, 186 pp.
Campana-Rouget, J. & Biocca, E. (1954) Une nouvelle èspece d'Anisakis chez un phoque mediterranéen. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 30, 477–480.
Davey, J.T. (1971) A revision of the genus Anisakis Dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda: Ascaridata). Journal of Helminthology, 45, 51–72.
Delyamure, S.L. (1955) Helminthofauna of marine mammals (Ecology and phylogeny). Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 547 pp. (In Russian: English translation, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1968, ix + 522 pp).
Fagerholm, H.P. (1989) Intra-specific variability of the morphology in a single population of the seal parasite Contracaecum osculatum (Rudolphi) (Nematoda, Ascaridoidea) with a redescription of the species. Zoologica Scripta, 18, 33–41.
Harris, H. (1966) Enzymes polymorphism in man. Proceeding of the Royal Society, Series B, 164, 298–310.
Krabbe, H. (1878) Sælernes og Tandhvalernes Spolorme. Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger, 1, 43–51 (In Danish, with French summary).
Guttman, L.A. (1968) A general nonmetric technique for finding the smallest coordinate space for a configuration of points. Psychometrika, 33, 469–506.
Leidy, J. (1891) Notices of Entozoa. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 42, 410–418.
Margolis, L. & Pike, G.C. (1955) Some helminth parasites of Canadian Pacific whales. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 12, 97–120.
Mattiucci S., Nascetti G., Bullini L., Orecchia P. & Paggi L. (1986) Genetic structure of Anisakis physeteris, and its differentiation from the Anisakis simplex complex (Ascaridida: Anisakidae). Parasitology, 93, 383–387.
Mattiucci, S., Nascetti, G., Cianchi, R., Paggi, L., Arduino, P., Margolis, L., Brattey, J., Webb, S., D'Amelio, S., Orecchia, P. & Bullini, L. (1997) Genetic and ecological data on the Anisakis simplex complex, with evidence for a new species (Nematoda, Ascaridoidea, Anisakidae). Journal of Parasitology, 86, 401–416.
Nascetti, G., Paggi, L., Orecchia, P., Smith, J.W., Mattiucci, S. & Bullini, L. (1986) Electrophoretic studies on the Anisakis simplex complex (Ascaridida: Anisakidae) from the Mediterranean and North-East Atlantic. International Journal for Parasitology, 16, 633–640.
Nei, M. (1972) Genetic distance between populations. The American Naturalist, 106, 283–292.
Nei, M. (1975) Molecular population genetics and evolution. Amsterdam, New York: North Holland, American Elsevier, 512 pp.
Orecchia, P., Paggi, L., Mattiucci, S., Smith, J.W., Nascetti, G. & Bullini, L. (1986) Electrophoretic identification of larvae and adults of Anisakis (Ascaridida: Anisakidae). Journal of Helminthology, 60, 331–339.
Petter, A.G. (1972) Redescription of Anisakis insignis Diesing (Ascaridoidea), parasite of the Amazon dolphin, Inia geoffrensis. Investigations on Cetacea, 4, 93–99.
Poulik, M.D. (1957) Starch gel electrophoresis in a discontinuous system of buffers. Nature, 180, 1477.
Richardson, B.J., Baverstock, P.R. & Adams, M. (1986) Allozyme electrophoresis. A handbook for animal systematics and population studies. Sydney: Academic Press, 410 pp.
Rogers, J.S. (1972) Measures of genetic similarities and genetic distance. Studies in Genetics VII, University of Texas Publications, 7213, 145–153.
Selander, R.K., Smith, M.H., Yang, S.Y., Johnson, W.E. & Gentry, J.B. (1971) Biochemical polymorphism and systematics in the genus Peromyscus. I. Variation of the old-field mouse (Peromyscus polionotus). Studies in Genetics VI, University of Texas Publications, 7103, 49–90.
Sokal, R.R. & Rholf, F.J. (1981) Biometry. 2nd Edition. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co., 859 pp.
Swofford, D.L. & Selander, R.B. (1989) BIOSYS-1, a computer program for the analysis of allelic variation in population genetics and biochemical systematics, version 1.7. Champaign: Illinois, Natural History Survey, 31 pp.
Wilkinson, L. & Leland, F.J. (1989) SYSTAT: The system for Statistics. Evanson, Illinois: SYSTAT, Inc.
Wright, S. (1943) Isolation by distance. Genetics, 28, 114–138.
Wright, S. (1951) The genetical structure of populations. Annals of Eugenics, 15, 323–354.
Wright, S. (1978) Evolution and the genetics of populations. 4. Variability within and among natural populations. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 580 pp.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Paggi, L., Nascetti, G., Webb, S.C. et al. A new species of Anisakis Dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda, Anisakidae) from beaked whales (Ziphiidae): allozyme and morphological evidence. Syst Parasitol 40, 161–174 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006093201920
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006093201920