Genetic relationships of macadamia cultivars and species revealed by AFLP markers
- 145 Downloads
- 7 Citations
Abstract
World production of macadamia nuts is based on two species, the smooth shell Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche, and the rough shell Macadamiatetraphylla L.A.S. Johnson, and their hybrids. One hundred and five AFLP markers were used to analyze 26 macadamia accessions representing four species: M. integrifolia, M. tetraphylla,M. ternifolia, and M. hildebrandii as well as a wild relative,Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia (rose nut).Each macadamia accession showed distinct AFLP fingerprints indicating a significant level of genetic variation in this macadamia germplasm collection. The fourMacadamia species included in this study were clearly separated using cluster analysis with AFLP marker data. Based on a single accession, the separation of M. ternifolia from M. integrifoliasuggested the relatively distant genetic relationship between these two species and casts doubts on the notion that the M. ternifolia may be a variant of M. integrifolia. Within the major cluster ofM. integrifolia, nine established smooth shell cultivars were separated into two sub-clusters, suggesting the heterozygous nature of the original gene pool that had contributed to macadamia variety improvement programs. M. hildebrandii and H. pinnatifoliaformed a distinct cluster and share dramatically less genetic similarity with the other Macadamia species. Additional data would be needed to clarify the phylogenetic nature and status of M. hildebrandii in the genus Macadamia.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- Aradhya, M.K., L.K. Yee, F.T. Zee, & R.M. Manshardt, 1998. Genetic variability in Macadamia. Genet Res and Crop Evol 45: 19-32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Breyne, P., D. Rombaut, A. Van Gysel, M. Van Montagu, & T. Gerats, 1999. AFLP analysis of genetic diversity within and between Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes. Mol Gen Genet 261: 627-634.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Chittenden, L.M., K.F. Schertz, Y.R. Lin, R.A. Wing, & A.H. Paterson, 1994. A detailed RFLP map of Sorghum bicolor × S. propinquum, suitable for high-density mapping, suggests ancestral duplication of Sorghum chromosomes or chromosomal segments. Theor Appl Genet 87: 925-933.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Dice, L.R., 1945. Measures of the amount of ecologic association between species. Ecology 26: 297-302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Erschadi, S., G. Haberer, M. Schoniger & R.A. Torres-Ruiz, 2000. Estimating genetic diversity of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Theor Appl Genet 100: 633-640.Google Scholar
- Gross, C.L., 1995. Macadamia. Flora of Australia 16: 419-425.Google Scholar
- Hamilton, R.A. & E.T. Fukunaga, 1959. Growing macadamia nuts in Hawaii. UH AES Bul 121: 5-15.Google Scholar
- Hamilton, R.A. & E.T. Fukunaga, 1962. Testing Australian macadamia nut varieties in Hawaii. Proc 2nd Annual Meeting of the Hawaiian Macadamia Producers Association, pp. 27-32.Google Scholar
- Hamilton, R.A. & E.T. Fukunaga, 1973. Development and evaluation of macadamia nut varieties. Calif Macadamia Soc Yearb 19: 32-39.Google Scholar
- Hamilton, R.A. & P.J. Ito, 1976. Development of Macadamia nut cultivars in Hawaii. Calif Macadamia Soc Yearb 22: 94-100.Google Scholar
- Hamilton, R.A. & P.J. Ito, 1977. Mauka and Makai, two new macadamia cultivars suitable for high and low elevations. Proc 17th Annual Meeting of the Hawaiian Macadamia Producers Association, pp. 34-40.Google Scholar
- Hamilton, R.A. & M. Nakamura, 1971. Kau, a promising new macadamia variety. Proc 11th Annual Meeting of the Hawaiian Macadamia Producers Association, pp. 29-33.Google Scholar
- Hamilton, R.A. & H. Ooka, 1966. Keaau-a new commercial macadamia. Proc 6th Annual Meeting of the Hawaiian Macadamia Producers Association, pp. 10-13.Google Scholar
- Hamilton, R.A., C.G. Cavaletto, & D. Anderson, 1981a. 'Pahala' Macadamia named. Proc 21th Annual Meeting of the Hawaiian Macadamia Producers Association, pp. 69-75.Google Scholar
- Hamilton, R.A., P.J. Ito, & C.G. Cavaletto, 1981b. 'Purvis' macadamia named for the first importer of M. integrifolia nuts into Hawaii. Calif Macadamia Soc Yearb 27: 83-91.Google Scholar
- Hamilton, R.A., W.B. Storey, & E.T. Fukunaga, 1952. Two new macadamia varieties. Hawaii Agr Expt Sta Cir 36: 5 pp.Google Scholar
- Ito, P.J., J.E. Hunter & R.A. Hamilton, 1970. Effect of crosspollination on initial and final nut set and yields of macadamia cultivars. Proc 10th Annual Meeting of the Hawaiian Macadamia Producers Association, pp. 16-19.Google Scholar
- Lübberstedt, T., A.E. Melchinger, C. Dußle, M. Vuylsteke & M. Kuiper, 2000. Relationships among Early European Maize Inbreds: IV. Genetic Diversity Revealed with AFLP Markers and Comparison with RFLP, RAPD, and Pedigree Data. Crop Sci 40: 783-791.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- McDonald, J.A. & R. Ismail, 1995. Macadamia erecta (Proteaceae), a new species from Sulawesi. Harvard Papers in Bot 7: 7-10.Google Scholar
- Kim, M.S., P.H. Moore, F. Zee, M.M.M. Fitch, D.L. Steiger, R.M. Manshardt, R.E. Paull, R.A. Drew, T. Sekioka & R. Ming, 2002. Genetic diversity of Carica papaya L. as revealed by AFLP markers. Genome 45: 503-512.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Mackill, D.J., Z. Zhang, E.D. Redona & P.M. Colowit, 1996. Level of polymorphism and genetic mapping of AFLP markers in rice. Genome 39: 969-977.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- McConachie, I., 1980. The macadamia story. Calif Macadamia Soc Yrbk 26: 41-74.Google Scholar
- Pejic, I., P. Ajmone-Marsan, M. Morgante, V. Kozumplick, P. Castiglioni, G. Taramino & M. Motto, 1998. Comparative analysis of genetic similarity among maize inbred lines detected by RFLPs, RAPDs, SSRs, and AFLPs. Theor Appl Genet 97: 1248-1255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Powell, W., M. Morgante, C. Andre, M. Hanafey, J. Vogel, S. Tingey & A. Rafalski, 1996. The comparison of RFLP, RAPD, AFLP and SSR (microsatellite) markers for germplasm analysis. Mol Breeding 2: 225-238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Rohlf, F.J. & R.R. Sokal, 1981. Comparing numerical taxonomic studies. Systematic Zool 30: 459-490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Rouppe van der Voort, J.N.A.M., P. van. Zandvoort, H.J. van. Eck, R.T. Folkertsma, R.C.B. Hutten, J. Draaistra, F.J. Gommers, E. Jacobsen, J. Helder & J. Bakker, 1997. Use of allele specificity of comigrating AFLP markers to align genetic maps from different potato genotypes. Mol Gen Genet 255: 438-447.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Russell, J.R., J.D. Fuller, M. Macaulay, B.G. Hatz, A. Jahoor, W. Powell & R. Waugh, 1997. Direct comparison of levels of genetic variation among barley accessions detected by RFLPs, AFLPs, SSRs and RAPDs. Theor Appl Genet 95: 714-722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Shigeura, G.T. & H. Ooka, 1984. Macadamia Nuts in Hawaii: History and Production. Res. Extn. Series039, Hawaii Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, 91 pp.Google Scholar
- Smith, P.M., 1976. Macadamia nut. In: N.W. Simmonds (Ed.), Evolution of Crop Plants, pp. 319-320, Longman, London.Google Scholar
- Sneath, P.H.A. & R.R. Sokal, 1973. Numerical Taxonomy. Freeman, San Francisco, USA.Google Scholar
- Sokal, R.R. & C.D. Michener, 1958. A statistical method for evaluating systematic relationships. Univ Kansas Sci Bull 38: 1409-38.Google Scholar
- Steiger, D.L., C. Nagai, P.H. Moore, C.W. Morden, R.V. Osgood & R. Ming, 2002. AFLP analysis of genetic diversity within and among Coffea arabica cultivars. Theor Appl Genet 105: 209-215.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Storey, W.B., 1948. Varieties of the macadamia nut for planting in Hawaii. Hawaii Agr Expt Sta Prog Notes 51, 4 pp.Google Scholar
- Storey, W.B. & R.A. Hamilton, 1953. The macadamia nut industry in Hawaii. California Avocado Society Yearb: 63-67.Google Scholar
- Storey, W.B. & W.F. Saleeb, 1970. Interspecific hybridization in macadamia. California Macadamia Society Yearb: 7 pp.Google Scholar
- Vithanage, V. & C.W. Winks, 1992. Isozymes as genetic markers for Macadamia. Scientia Horticulturae 49: 103-115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Vithanage, V. & C. Hardner, 1998. Progress made with molecular markers for genetic improvement of Macadamia. Acta horticulturae 461: 199-207.Google Scholar
- Vos, P., R. Hogers, M. Bleeker, M. Reijans, T. van de Lee, M. Hornes, A. Frijters, J. Pot, J. Peleman, M. Kuiper & M. Zabeau, 1995. AFLP: a new technique for DNA finger printing. Nucl Acids Res 23: 4407-4414.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Wagner-Wright, S., 1995. History of the macadamia nut industry in Hawaii, 1881-1981. The Edwin Mellen Press, Canada.Google Scholar
- Zhu, J., M.D. Gale, S. Quarrie, M.T. Jackson & G.J. Bryan, 1998. AFLP markers for the study of rice biodiversity. Theor Appl Genet 96: 5, 602-611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar