Effective transgenic resistance to Globodera pallida in potato field trials
- 240 Downloads
- 37 Citations
Abstract
A cysteine proteinase inhibitor expressed in potato plants provides the first demonstration that transgenic resistance to nematodes such as the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida can be effective under field conditions. The highest level of resistance obtained in the field for one of the four transformed lines of the normally fully susceptible Solanum tuberosum tuberosum cv. Désirée was 70±9%. The partially resistant cv. Sante that is currently of commercial use in the UK showed a resistance of 85±3%. In containment experiments a change in G. pallida population to one known to be virulent against cv. Sante caused a significant loss of its resistance from 80±4% to only 51±6%. In contrast, the resistance of transgenic Désirée was similar for challenge by the avirulent and virulent populations with values of 68±6% and 71±4%, respectively. Constitutive expression of the cystatin had no detrimental effect on either number or weight of tubers and the weight of the haulm for 3 of the 4 lines in the field. The results establish that transgenic field resistance against G. pallida can be achieved. Clearly food and environmental safety must be assured before commercialisation can be contemplated. However, a prima facie case can be made that the technology is benign and can reduce the use of environmentally hazardous nematicides.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- Atkinson H.J., Urwin P.E., Hansen E. and McPherson M.J. 1995. Designs for engineered resistance to root-parasitic nematodes. Trends Biotechnol. 13: 369–374.Google Scholar
- Atkinson H.J., Lilley C.J., Urwin P.E. and McPherson M.J. 1998. Engineering resistance to plant parasitic nematodes. In: Perry R.N. and Wright D.J. (Eds.), The Physiology and Biochemistry of Free-Living and Plant Parasitic Nematodes. CAB International, Oxon, UK, pp. 381–413.Google Scholar
- Benchekroun A., Michaud D., Nguyenquoc B., Overney S., Desjardins Y. and Yelle S. 1995. Synthesis of active oryzacystatin-I in transgenic potato plants. Plant Cell Rep. 14: 585–588.Google Scholar
- Colella R., Sakaguchi Y., Nagase H. and Bird J.W.C. 1989. Chicken egg white cystatin: molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence and tissue distribution. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 17164–17169.Google Scholar
- Dellaporta S.L., Wood J. and Hicks J.B. 1983. A plant DNA minipreparation: version II. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 4: 19–21.Google Scholar
- Dietze J., Blau A. and Willmitzer L. 1995. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of potato (Solanum tuberosum). In: Potrykus I. and Spangenberg G. (Eds.), Gene Transfer to Plants. Springer, Heidelberg/Berlin, pp. 24–30.Google Scholar
- EPA Environmental Protection Agency). 1999.International Pesticide Notice. http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/17b/aldicarb.htm, revised 1/11/99, visited last 22/1/00.Google Scholar
- Gleave A.P. 1992. A versatile binary vector system with a TDNA organizational structure conducive to efficient integration of cloned DNA into the plant genome. Plant Mol. Biol. 20: 1203–1207.Google Scholar
- Harkett P. 1996. Commercial prospects of the PCN problem. Meeting abstract. In: SOEFD Review Meeting Potato Nematodes, 1-2 February 1996.Google Scholar
- Hepher A. and Atkinson H.J. 1992. Nematode Control with Proteinase Inhibitors. European Patent application number 92301890;7, Publication number 0 502 730 A1.Google Scholar
- Koes R.E., Spelt C.E., Mol J.N.M. and Gerats A.G.M. 1987. The chalcone synthase multigene family of Petunia hybrida (V30): sequence homology, chromosomal localisation and evolutionary aspects. Plant Mol. Biol. 10: 159–169.Google Scholar
- Liddell J.E. and Cryer E. 1996. A Practical Guide to Monoclonal Antibodies. John Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
- Lilley C.J. and Atkinson H.J. 1987. Promoters for the control of root-feeding nematodes. UK patent application number 9524395.2.Google Scholar
- Lilley C.J., Urwin P.E., PcPherson M.J. and Atkinson H.J. 1996. Characterisation of intestinally active proteinases of cystnematodes. Parasitology 113: 415–424.Google Scholar
- Lilley C.J., Urwin P.E., McPherson M.J. and Atkinson H.J. 1997. Characterisation of cDNAs encoding serine proteinases from the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 89: 195–207.Google Scholar
- Logemann J., Schell J. and Willmitzer L. 1987. Improved method for the isolation of RNA from plant tissues. Anal. Biochem. 163: 16–20.Google Scholar
- Masoud S.A., Johnson L.B., White F.F. and Reeck G.R. 1993. Expression of a cysteine proteinase-inhibitor (oryzacystatin-I) in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 21: 655–663.Google Scholar
- Murashige T. and Skoog F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473–497.Google Scholar
- Ryan C.A. 1990. Proteinase inhibitors in plants: Genes for improving defenses against insects and pathogens. Annu. Rev. Phytopath. 28: 425–449.Google Scholar
- Sambrook J., Fritsch E.F. and Maniatis T. 1989. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Plainview, NY.Google Scholar
- Shen W. and Forde B.G. 1989. Efficient transformation of Agrobacterium spp. by high voltage electroporation. Nucl. Acids Res. 17: 83–85.Google Scholar
- Southey J.F. 1986. Laboratory Methods for Work with Plant and Soil Nematodes. HMSO, London, UK, pp. 32–33.Google Scholar
- Urwin P.E., Atkinson H.J., Waller D.A. and McPherson M.J. 1995. Engineered oryzacystatin-I expressed in transgenic hairy roots confers resistance to Globodera pallida. Plant J. 8: 121–131.Google Scholar
- Urwin P.E., Lilley C.J., McPherson M.J. and Atkinson H.J. 1997a. Characterization of two cDNAs encoding cysteine proteinases from the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines. Parasitology 114: 605–613.Google Scholar
- Urwin P.E., Lilley C.J., McPherson M.J. and Atkinson H.J. 1997b. Resistance to both cyst-and root-knot nematodes conferred by transgenic Arabidopsis expressing a modified plant cystatin. Plant J. 12: 455–461.Google Scholar
- Urwin P.E., McPherson M.J. and Atkinson H.J. 1998. Enhanced transgenic plant resistance to nematodes by dual proteinase inhibitor constructs. Planta 204: 472–479.Google Scholar
- Whitehead A.G. 1991. The resistance of 6 potato cultivars to English populations of potato cyst-nematodes, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis. Ann. Appl. Biol. 118: 357–369.Google Scholar