Abstract
Efficacy of phloroglucinol in promoting growth and development of in vitro-derived shoot tips was studied in six potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes. Different concentrations of phloroglucinol (0, 0.08, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 mM) were tested in combination with either 0.1 or 0.2 M sucrose in shoot tip proliferation medium based on MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium supplemented with 5.8 μM GA3 (gibberellic acid), 1.1 μM BA (N6-benzyladenine) and 8.39 μM D-calcium pantothenate. Phloroglucinol fostered multiple shoot formation, promoted axillary shoot proliferation in terms of shoot tip fresh weight and shoot length, and stimulated root formation on the shoot tips. There was significant phloroglucinol × sucrose interaction for number of shoots developed per shoot tip, shoot tip fresh weight and number of roots induced per shoot tip. The beneficial effect of phloroglucinol on shoot tip survival was conspicuous only in genotypes that showed poor survival in the control proliferation medium. There were significant differences in response between the two sucrose levels with regard to shoot tip fresh weight and number of roots per shoot tip. Phloroglucinol in combination with 0.2 M sucrose induced maximum number of roots per shoot tip. Optimum shoot tip growth was fostered in medium containing 0.8 mM phloroglucinol and 0.2 M sucrose. High frequency multiple shoot formation in this medium ensures a faster rate of potato shoot tip multiplication within a limited time and space.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aklan K, Cetiner S, Aka-Kacar Y, Yalcin-Mendi Y, Kuden AB& Dennis FG Jr (1997) In vitro multiplication of clonal apple root-stocks M. 9, M. 26 and MM. 106 by meristem culture. Acta Hort. 441: 325–327
Al-Wasel AS (1998) In vitro propagation of Atriplex nummularia L. Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci. 6: 373–383
Broertjes C& Van Harten AM (1978) Application of Mutation Breeding Methods in the Improvement of Vegetatively Propagated Crops. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam
Cassells AC (1987) In vitro induction of virus-free potatoes by chemotherapy. In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Vol 3, Potato (pp 40–50). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo
Chang DCN, Peng KH, Nichols M& Swain D (1996) Phloroglucinol and tryptone enhance in vitro rooting and survival rate of asparagus nodal sections. Acta Hortic. 415: 411–416
De Klerk GJ, vander Krieken W& de Jong JC (1999) The formation of adventitious roots: new concepts, new possibilities. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 35: 189–199
Demiralay A, Yalcin-Mendi Y, Ak-Kacar Y, Cetiner S, Aksoy U, Ferguson L& Hepksoy S (1998) In vitro propagation of Ficus carica L. var. Bursa Siyahi through meristem culture. Acta Hortic. 480: 165–167
Druart Ph, Kevers C, Boxus Ph& Gaspar Th (1982) In vitro promotion of root formation by apple shoots through darkness effect on endogenous phenols and peroxidases. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 108: 429–436
George EF& Sherrington PD (1984) Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture: Handbook and Directory of Commercial Laboratories. Exegetics Ltd., London
Goudarzi R, Majedi A, Talaie AR& Mostafavi M (1997) Micropropagation of cherry rootstock (Prunus avium cv. F12/1) by shoot tip culture. Iranian J. Agric. Sci. 28: 133–143
Grambow HJ& Langenbeck-Schwich B (1983) The relationship between oxidase activity, peroxidase activity, hydrogen peroxide, and phenolic compounds in the degradation of indole-3-acetic acid in vitro. Planta 157: 131–137
Hammatt N& Grant NJ (1997) Micropropagation of mature British wild cherry. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 47: 103–110
Hunter CS (1979) In vitro culture of Cinchona ledgeriana L. J. Hortic. Sci. 54: 111–114
Hussey G (1976) In vitro release of axillary shoots from apical dominance in monocotyledonous plantlets. Ann. Bot. 40: 1323–1325
Hussey G& Stacey NJ (1981) In vitro propagation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Ann. Bot. 48: 787–796
James DJ (1979) The role of auxins and phloroglucinol in adventitious root formation in Rubus and Fragaria grown in vitro. J. Hortic. Sci. 54: 273–277
James DJ (1983) Adventitious root formation in vitro in apple rootstocks (Malus pumila) I. Factors affecting the length of the auxin-sensitive phase in M.9. Physiol. Plant. 57: 149–153
James DJ& Thurbon IJ (1981a) Phenolic compounds and other factors controlling rhizogenesis in vitro in the apple rootstocks M. 9 and M. 26. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 105: 11–20
James DJ& Thurbon IJ (1981b) Shoot and root initiation in vitro in the apple rootstock M. 9 and the promotive effects of phloroglucinol. J. Hortic. Sci. 56: 15–20
Jones OP (1976) Effect of phloridzin and phloroglucinol on apple shoots. Nature 262: 392–393
Jones OP& Hopgood ME (1979) The successful propagation in vitro of two rootstocks of Prunus: the plum rootstock Pixy (P. insititia) and the cherry rootstock F 12/1 (P. avium). J. Hortic. Sci. 54: 63–66
Jordan M& Piwanski D (1997) Regeneration of babaco (Carica pentagona (Heilborn) Badillo) using leaf explants and shoot-tip culture. Phyton. Buenos Aires 61: 109–115
Lee TT, Starratt AN& Jevnikar JJ (1982) Regulation of enzyme oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid by phenols: structure-activity relationships. Phytochemistry 21: 517–523
Lozoya-Saldana H& Madrigal-Vargas A (1985) Kinetin, thermotherapy, and tissue culture to eliminate potato virus (PVX) in potato. Amer. Potato. J. 62: 339–345
Mellor FC& Stace-Smith R (1987) Virus-free potatoes through meristem culture. In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Vol 3, Potato (pp 30–39). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo
Mosella Ch-L& Fernandez MR (1985) In vitro tissue culture as a tool for plant research and propagation. II. In vitro culture of pink garlic (Allium sativum L.). Simiente 55: 60–63
Murashige T (1974) Plant propagation through tissue cultures. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 25: 135–166
Murashige T& Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473–497
Pontikis C& Melas P (1986) Micropropagation of Ficus carica L. HortScience 21: 153
Pontikis C& Sapoutzaki E (1984) Effect of phloroglucinol on successful propagation in vitro of Troyer citrange. Plant Propag. 30: 3–5
Ramirez-Malagon R, Borodanenko A, Barrera-Guerra JL& Ochoa-Alejo N (1997) Micropropagation for Fraser photinia (Photinia x fraseri). Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 48: 219–222
Sanchez GE, Slack SA& Dodds JH (1991) Response of selected Solanum species to virus eradication therapy. Amer. Potato J. 68: 299–315
Sarkar D& Naik PS (1998) Cryopreservation of shoot tips of tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) clones by vitrification. Ann. Bot. 82: 455–461
Sarkar D, Naik PS& Chandra R (1997) Effect of inoculation density on potato micropropagation. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 48: 63–66
Sokal RR& Rohlf FJ (1996) Introduction to Biostatistics. WH Freeman and Company, New York
Steel RGD& Torrie JH (1980) Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. McGraw Hill, New York
Stonier T (1969) Studies on auxin protectors. VII. Association of auxin protectors with crown gall development in sunflower stems. Physiol. Plant. 44: 1169–1174
Takayama S& Miswa M (1982) Factors affecting differentiation and growth in vitro, and a mass propagation scheme for Begonia x hiemalis. Scientia Hortic. 16: 65–75
Tao GQ, Yin WY, Gong GP& Cui C (1987) In vitro production and release of potato varieties in China. In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Vol 3, Potato (pp 62–79). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo
Zanol GC, Fortes GR de L, Campos AD, da Silva JB, Centellas AQ& da Silva JB (1998) In vitro rooting and peroxidase activity of apple rootstock cv. ‘Marubakaido’ treated with indolbutyric acid and phloroglucinol. Revista Brasil. Fisiol. Vegetal. 10: 65–68
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sarkar, D., Naik, P.S. Phloroglucinol enhances growth and rate of axillary shoot proliferation in potato shoot tip cultures in vitro. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 60, 139–149 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006419805980
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006419805980