References
Ballard WM (1973) Normal embryonic stages for salmonid fishes, based on Salmo gairdneri Richardson and Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). J Exp Zool 148: 7–26.
Busby SJ, Reeder RH (1983) Spacer sequences regulate transcription of ribosomal gene plasmids injected into xenopus embryos. Cell 34: 989–996.
Dean JM (1969) The metabolism of tissues of thermally acclimated trout (Salmo gairdneri). Comp Biochem Physiol 29: 185–196.
de Capoa A, Marlekaj P, Baldini A et al. (1985) Cytologic demonstration of differential activity of rRNA gene clusters in different human tissues. Hum Genet 69: 212–217.
de Capoa A, Felli MP, Baldini A et al. (1988) Relationship between the number and function of human ribosomal genes. Hum Genet 79: 301–304.
Emerson BM, Roeder RG (1984) DNA sequences and transcription factor interactions of active and inactive forms of mammalian 5S RNA genes. J Biol Chem 259: 7926–7935.
Fitch DHA, Strausbaugh LD, Barret V (1990) On the origins of tandemly repeated genes: Does histone gene copy number in Drosophila reflect chromosomal location? Chromosoma 99: 118–124.
Foresti F, Toledo LF, Almeida SA et al. (1981) Polymorphic nature of nucleolus organizer regions in fishes. Cytogenet Cell Genet 62: 137–144.
Fujiwara A, Abe S, Yamaha E et al. (1997) Uniparental chromosome elimination in the early embryogenesis of the inviable salmonid hybrids between masu salmon female and rainbow trout male. Chromosoma 106: 44–52.
Hartley SE, Horne MT (1984) Chromosome relationships in the genus Salmo. Chromosoma 90: 229–237.
Howell WM, Black DA (1980) Controlled silver-staining of nucleolus organizer regions with a protective colloidal developer: A 1-step method. Experimentia 36: 1014–1015.
Inokuchi T, Abe S, Yamaha E et al. (1994) BrdU replication banding studies on the chromosomes in early embryos of salmonid fishes. Hereditas 121: 255–265.
Johnson KR, Wright JE, May B (1987) Linkage relationships reflecting ancestral tetraploidy in Salmonid fish. Genetics 116: 579–591.
Jordan G (1987) At the heart of the nucleolus. Nature 329: 489–499.
Komiya H, Takemura S (1979) Nucleotide sequence of 5S ribosomal RNA from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) liver. J Biochem 86: 1067–1080.
Lee GM, Wright JE Jr (1981) Mitotic and meiotic analyses of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis. J Hered 72: 321–327.
Lozano R, Rejón CR, Rejón MR (1991) An analysis of coho salmon chromatin by means of C-banding, AG-and fluorochrome staining, and in situ digestion with restriction endonucleases. Heredity 66: 403–409.
Lozano R, Rejón CR, Rejón MR (1992) A comparative analysis of NORs in diploid and triploid salmonid: Implications with respect to the diploidization process occurring in this fish group. Heredity 69: 450–457.
Mayr B, Rab P, Kalat M (1986) Localization of NORs and counterstain-enhanced fluorescence studies in Salmo gairdneri and Salmo trutta (Pisces, Salmonidae). Theor Appl Genet 71: 703–707.
Morán P, Martínez JL, Garcia-Vázquez E et al. (1996) Sex chromosome linkage of 5S rDNA in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Cytogenet Cell Genet 75: 145–150.
Moss T (1983) A transcriptional function for the repetitive ribosomal spacer in Xenopus laevis. Nature 302: 223–228.
Nazar RN, Roy KL (1978) Nucleotide sequence of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) ribosomal 5.8S ribonucleic acid. J Biol Chem 253: 395–399.
Ohno S, Wolf U, Atkin NB (1968) Evolution from fish to mammals by gene duplication. Hereditas 59: 169–187.
Oliveira C, Foresti F, Rigolino MG et al. (1995) Synaptonemal complex analysis in spermatocytes and oocytes of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Pisces, Salomonidae): The process of autosome and sex chromosome synapsis. Chromosome Res 3: 182–190.
Padilla JA, Fernández-García JL, Rabasco A et al. (1993) Characterization of the karyotype of the tench (Tinca tinca L.) and analysis of its chromosomal heterochromatic regions by C-banding, Ag-staining, and restriction endonuclease banding. Cytogenet Cell Genet 62: 220–223.
Pardue ML, Brown DD, Birnstiel ML (1973) Location of the genes for 5S ribosomal RNA in Xenopus laevis. Chromosoma 42: 191–203.
Pendás AM, Morán P, Garcia-Vázquez E (1993a) Multi-chromosomal location of ribosomal RNA genes and heterochromatin association in brown trout. Chromosome Res 1: 63–67.
Pendás AM, Morán P, Garcia-Vázques E (1993b) Ribosomal RNA genes are interspersed throughout a heterochromatic chromosome arm in Atlantic salmon. Cytogenet Cell Genet 63: 128–130.
Pendás AM, Morán P, Freiji JP et al. (1994) Chromosomal mapping and nucleotide sequence of two tandem repeats of Atlantic salmon 5S rDNA. Cytogenet Cell Genet 67: 31–36.
Phillips RB, Ihssen PE (1985) Chromosome banding in salmonid fish: Nucleolar organizer regions in Salmo and Salvelinus. Can J Genet Cytol 27: 433–440.
Phillips RB, Pleyte KA, Hartley SE (1988) Stock-specific differences in the number and chromosome positions of the nucleolar organizer regions in arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). Cytogenet Cell Genet 48: 9–12.
Reeder RH (1990) rRNA synthesis in the nucleolus. Trends Genet 6: 390–395.
Reeder RH, Roan JG (1984) The mechanism of nucleolar dominance in xenopus hybrids. Cell 38: 39–44.
Reeder RH, Roan JG, Dunaway M (1983) Spacer regulation of xenopus ribosomal gene transcription: Competition in oocytes. Cell 35: 449–456.
Sánchez L, Martínez P, Viñas A et al. (1990) Analysis of the structure and variability of nucleolar organizer regions of Salmo trutta by C-, Ag-, and restriction endonuclease banding. Cytogenet Cell Genet 54: 6–9.
Schmid M, Vitelli L, Batistoni R (1987) Chromosome banding in Amphibia. XI. Constitutive heterochromatin, nucleolus organizers, 18S + 28S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes in Ascaphidae, Pipidae, Discoglossidae and Pelobatidae. Chromosoma 95: 271–284.
Schmidtke J, Zenzes MT, Weiler C et al. (1976) Gene action in fish of tetraploid origin. IV. Ribosomal DNA amount in Clupeoid and Salmonid fish. Biochem Genet 14: 293–297.
Sommerville J (1986) Nucleolar structure and ribosome biogenesis. Trends Biochem Sci 11: 438–442.
Sola L, Rossi AR, Iaselli V et al. (1992) Cytogenetics of bisexual/ unisexual species of Poecilia. II. Analysis of heterochromatin and nucleolar organizer regions in Poecilia mexicana mexicana by C-banding and DAPI, quinacrine, chromomycin A3, and silver staining. Cytogenet Cell Genet 60: 229–235.
Stephenson EC, Erba HP, Gall JG (1981) Histone gene clusters of the newt Notophthalmus are separated by long tracts of satellite DNA. Cell 24: 639–647.
Sumner AT (1972) A simple technique for demonstrating centromeric heterochromatin. Exp Cell Res 75: 304–306.
Thorgaard GH (1977) Heteromorphic sex chromosome in male rainbow trout. Science 196: 900–902.
Ueda T, Kobayashi J (1990) Disappearance of Ag-NORs originated from maternal species in hybrids between female Atlantic salmon and male brown trout. Chrom Inform Serv 49: 25–26.
Ueda T, Sato R, Kobayashi J (1988) Silver-banded karyotypes of the rainbow trout and the brook trout and their hybrids: Disappearance in allotriploids of Ag-NORs originated from the brook trout. Jpn J Genet 63: 219–226.
Vitelli L, Batistoni R, Andronico F et al. (1982) Chromosomal localization of 18S + 28S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes in evolutionarily diverse anuran amphibians. Chromosoma 84: 475–491.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chromosomal Localization and Heterochromatin Association of Ribosomal RNA Gene Loci and Silver-stained Nucleolar Organizer Regions in Salmonid Fishes. Chromosome Res 6, 463–471 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009200428369
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009200428369