Abstract
Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is an economically important by-product obtained from the cashew nut Anacardium occidentale L. The liquid has been found to be versatile with a wide range of uses, including as a raw material in the polymer industry, in the development of drugs (antioxidants) and in pest control. One important chemical component of CNSL known for its bioactivity is cardanol. We isolated (8Z,11Z )-3-(8,11,14- pentadecatrienyl)phenol, a cardanol from CNSL, and determined its insecticidal and progeny growth and development inhibition activities against Tribolium castaneum Hebst. We used a bioassay-guided approach for the isolation. Exposure to cardanol produced 80% mortality of adult T. castaneum in the insecticidal bioassay. In the progeny growth and development inhibition bioassay, 46.7% of larvae were killed, and only 20.7% of adults emerged without deformities after the cardanol treatment. The amount of isolated cardanol from the 1 g equivalent/ml extracted CNSL was found to be 36.55 mg with LC50 value of 47.88 mg/ml and 13.28 mg/ml against adult T. castaneum and its larvae, respectively. We conclude that cardanol can potentially be useful in managing stored product insect pests, especially T. castaneum, but with the prerequisite that one should take much care when handling and when applying the compound.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amorati R., Pedulli G. F., Valgimgli L., Attanasi O. A., Fillipone P., Fiorucci C. and Saladino R. (2001) Absolute rate constants for the reaction of peroxyl radicals with cardanol derivatives. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2, 2142–2146.
Andrade T. J. A. S., Araújo B. Q., Citó A. M. G. L., da Silva J., Saffi J., Richter M. F. and Ferraz A. B. F. (2011) Antioxidant properties and chemical composition of technical cashew Nut Shell Liquid (tCNSL). Food Chemistry 126, 1044–1048.
Asogwa E. U., Mokwunye I. U., Yahaya L. E. and Ajao A. A. (2007) Evaluation of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) as a potential natural insecticide against termites (soldiers and worker castes). Research Journal of Applied Sciences 2, 939–942.
Buxton T., Takahashi S., Niwata I., Owusu E. O. and Kim C.-S. (2017) Isolation and characterization of the insecticidal compounds in Anacardium occidentale (cashew nut) shell liquid against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 5, 1241–1246.
Darroman E., Bonnot L., Auvergne R., Boutevin B., Caillol S. (2015) New cardanol-based aromatic amines for the synthesis of biobased epoxy networks. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 115, 178–189.
Idah P. A., Simeon M. I. and Mohammed M. A. (2014) Extraction and characterization of cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale) oil and cashew shell liquid oil. Academic Research International 5, 50–54.
Kubo I., Masuoka N., Ha T. J. and Tsujimoto K. (2006) Antioxidant activity of anacardic acids. Food Chemistry 99, 555–562.
Liška A., Rozman V., Brmez M., Rebekić A. and Lucić P. (2015) Fumigant efficacy of 1,8-cineole and eugenol on the pupal stage of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Poljoprivreda/Agriculture 21, 23–29.
Lomonaco D., Santiago G. M. P., Ferreira Y. S., Arriaga A. M. C., Mazzetto S. E., Mele G. and Vasapollo G. (2009) Study of technical CNSL and its main components as new green insecticide. Green Chemistry 11, 31–33.
Masuoka N. and Kubo I. (2004) Characterization of xanthine oxidase inhibition by anacardic acids. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease 1688, 245–249.
Oliveira M. S. C., de Morais S. M., Magalhaes D. V., BatistaW. P., Viera I. G. P., Craveiro A. A., de Manezes J. E. S., Carvalho A. F. U. and de Lima G. P. G. (2011) Antioxidant, larvicidal and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of cashew nut shell liquid constituents. Acta Tropica 117, 165–170.
Rodrigues F. H. A., Feitosa J. P. A., Ricardo N. M. P. S., de Franca F. C. F. and Carioca J. O. B. (2006) Antioxidant activity of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) derivatives on the thermal oxidation of synthetic Bioactivity of cardanol against T. castaneum 361 cis-1,4-polyisoprene. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 17, 265–271.
Schmourlo G., Mendoça-Filho R. R., Alviano C. S. and Costa S. S. (2005) Screening of antifungal agents using ethanol precipitation and bioautography of medicinal and food plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 96, 563–568.
Schneider B. U., Meza A., Beatriz A., Pesarini J. R., Carvalho P. C., Mauro Mde O., Karaziack C. B., Cunha-Laura A. L., Monreal A.C., Matuo R., Lima D. P., Oliveira R. J. (2016) Cardanol: Toxicogenetic assessment and its effects when combined with cyclophosphamide. Genetics and Molecular Biology 39, 279–289.
Scott G. (Ed.) (2003) Degradable Polymers. Springer, The Netherlands. 494 pp.
Stasiuk M. and Kozubek A. (2010) Biological activity of phenolic lipids. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 67, 841–860.
Suwanprasop S., Nhujak T., Roengsumran S. and Petsom A. A. (2004) Petroleun marker dyes synthesized from cardanol and aniline derivatives. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 43, 4973–4978.
Tullo A. H. (2008) A nutty chemical: Naturally occurring phenol compounds in cashew shells are becoming increasingly useful to industry. Chemical & Engineering News 86, 26–27.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Buxton, T., Owusu, E.O. & Kim, CS. Bioactivity of cardanol against the rust red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Int J Trop Insect Sci 38, 353–361 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758418000176
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758418000176