Skip to main content
Log in

Spatial distribution of major Bactrocera fruit flies attracted to methyl eugenol in different ecological zones of Goa, India

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The spatial distribution of Bactrocera fruit flies in the Goa region (west coast of India) was studied using several dispersion parameters between April 2006 and March 2008 in three ecological zones, viz. coastal, midland and upland. These zones are 10, 25 and 50 km to the east from the coastline of the Arabian Sea at an elevation of 15, 70 and 100 m above mean sea level, respectively. The dispersion parameters revealed that the population of all the fruit fly species attracted to methyl eugenol-baited traps, viz. Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera caryeae, Bactrocera zonata, Bactrocera affinis and Bactrocera correcta, followed the negative binomial distribution pattern and was highly aggregated or clumped.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bartlett M. S. (1975) The Statistical Analysis of Spatial Pattern. Chapman & Hall, London. 90 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechinski E. J. and Pedigo L. P. (1981) Population dispersion and development of sampling plans of Orius insidiosus and Nobis spp. in soyabeans. Environmental Entomology 10, 835–841.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bezzi M. (1913) Indian trypaneids (fruit-flies) in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 3, 53–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binns M. R. and Nyrop J. P. (1992) Sampling insect populations for the purpose of IPM decision making. Annual Review of Entomology 37, 427–453.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bliss C. I. and Owen A. R. G. (1958) Negative binomial distributions with a common K. Biometrika 45, 37–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke A. R., Armstrong K. F., Carmichael A. E., Milne J. R., Raghu S., Roderick G. K. and Yeates D. K. (2005) Invasive phytophagous pests arising through a recent tropical evolutionary radiation: the Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies. Annual Review of Entomology 50, 293–319.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cole L. C. (1946) A theory for analyzing contagiously distributed populations. Ecology 27, 329–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • David K. J., Kumar A. R. V. and Ramani S. (2008) Distribution of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Kerala with special reference to the Western Ghats. Journal of the Entomological Research Society 10, 55–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • David F. N. and Moore P. G. (1954) Notes on contagious distributions in plant populations. Annals of Botany 18, 47–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dekker L. and Messing R. (1995) Pest Management Guidelines. Introduction to managing fruit flies in Hawaii, HITAR Brief No. 114. Available at: https://doi.org/www.extento.hawaii.edu/kbase/reports/fruit-pest

    Google Scholar 

  • Drew R. A. I. and Raghu S. (2002) The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of the rainforest habitat of the Western Ghats, India. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 50, 327–352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drew R. A. I. and Romig M. C. (1997) Overview. Tephritidae in the Pacific and Southeast Asia. ACIAR Proceedings No. 76, Canberra, Australia. 267 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drew R. A. I. and Romig M. C. (2007) Records of Dacine fruit flies and new species of Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Bhutan. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 55, 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott J. M. (1979) Some methods for statistical analysis of samples of benthic invertebrates. Science Publication of Fresh Water Biology Association 25, 157 pp.

  • Faleiro J. R., Ashok Kumar J. and Rangnekar P. A. (2002) Spatial distribution of red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliv. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in coconut plantations. Crop Protection 21, 171–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faleiro J. R., Rai S. and Vasisht A. K. (1982) Sequential sampling plan for the management of leafhopper population in okra. Annals of Agriculture Research 3, 164–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendrichs J., Katsoyannos B. I., Papaj D. R. and Prokopy R. J. (1991) Sex-differences in movement between natural feeding and mating sites and tradeoffs between food consumption, mating success and predator evasion in Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Oecologia (Berlin) 86, 223–231.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar J. A. (1996) Sampling of insect populations - a statistical study. Thesis submitted to Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India in partial fulfillment of the requirements for award of the degree of Master of Science. 87 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S. and Bhatt R. I. (2002) Crop losses due to fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta Bezzi in some commercial varieties of mango. Journal of Applied Zoological Researches 13, 64–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd M. (1967) Mean crowding. Journal of Animal Ecology 36, 1–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madhura H. S. and Verghese A. (2004) A guide to identification of some common fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae). Pest Management of Horticultural Ecosystems 10, 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meats A. (2007) Dispersion of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) at high and low densities and consequences of mismatching dispersions of wild and sterile flies. Florida Entomologist 90, 136–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morisita M. (1962) I-index, a measure of dispersion of individuals. Researches on Population Ecology 4, 1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey A. K., Dwivedi S. K, Ahmed S. B. and Ahmed Z. (2008) Spatial distribution of thrips (Thrips tabaci) in onion (Allium cepa) under cold arid region of Jammu and Kashmir. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research 78, 65–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patel G. P. and Stiteler W. M. (1974) Concepts of aggregation and their quantification: a critical review with some new results and applications. Researches on Population Ecology 15, 238–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rai S., Faleiro J. R. and Vasisht A. K. (1982) Sequential sampling plan for okra fruit borer, Earias vittella Fab. Annals of Agriculture Research 3, 52–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramani S. (1998) Biosystematic studies on fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) with special reference to the fauna of Karnataka and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. PhD thesis, University of Agricultural Science, Bangalore, India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy C. N., Singh T V. K., Reddy D. P. R. and Goud T. R. (1996) Distribution pattern of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella on cabbage at Hyderabad. Indian Journal of Entomology 58, 306–309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruesink W. G. and Kogan M. (1974) The quantitative basis of pest management: sampling and measuring, pp. 309–352. In Introduction to Insect Pest Management (edited by R. L. Metcalf and W. H. Luckman). Vol. 9. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarada G., Maheswari T. U. and Purushotham K. (2001) Seasonal incidence and population fluctuation of fruit flies in mango and guava. Indian Journal of Entomology 63, 272–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sisodiya D. B., Jhala R. C., Stonehouse J. M., Verghese A. and Mumford J. D. (2005) Shelf life properties of wooden blocks for male fruit fly annihilation in central Gujarat. Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystem 11, 142–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Southwood T. R. E. (1978) Ecological Methods, With Particular Reference to the Study of Insect Populations. Chapman & Hall, London. 524 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor L. R. (1984) Assessing and interpreting the spatial distribution of insect population. Annual Review of Entomology 29, 321–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verghese A., Kamala Jayanthi P. D., Madhura H. S. and Nagaraju D. K. (2002) Distribution of fruit flies Bactrocera spp. along the South Indian coast, pp. 129–131. Extended Summaries, National Conference on Coastal Agricultural Research, 6–7 April, Goa, India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verghese A., Sreedevi K., Sudha Devi K., Nagaraju D. K. and Jayanthi Mala B. R. (2006) A farmer-friendly trap for the management of the fruit fly, Bactrocera spp. (Tephritidae: Diptera). Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystem 12, 164–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verghese A. and Sudha Devi K. (1998) Relation between trap catch of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel and abiotic factors, pp. 15–18. In Proceedings of the First National Symposium on Pest Management in Horticultural Crops: Environmental Implications and Trusts (edited by P. P. Reddy, N. K. Krishna Kumar and A. Verghese). Organized by Association for Advancement of Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems, Bangalore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vijaysegaran S. (1997) Fruit fly research and development in Tropical Asia, pp. 21–29. In Management of Fruit Flies in the Pacific (edited by A. J. Allwood and R. A. I Drew). ACIAR Proceedings No. 76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waterhouse D. R (1997) The major invertebrate pests and weeds of agriculture and plantation forestry in southern and western Pacific, ACIAR Monograph No. 44: Canberra, Australia. 99 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • White I. M. and Elson-Harris M. M. (1992) Fruit Flies of Economic Significance: Their Identification and Bionomics. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. pp. 165–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young L. J. and Young J. H. (1998) Statistical Ecology: A Population Perspective. Kluwer, Boston, Massachusetts. 584 pp.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Zalucki M. P., Drew R. A. I. and Hooper G. H. S. (1984) Ecological studies of eastern Australian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in their endemic habitat. II. The spatial pattern of abundance. Oecologia (Berlin) 64, 273–279.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. R. Satarkar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Satarkar, V.R., Krishnamurthy, S.V., Faleiro, J.R. et al. Spatial distribution of major Bactrocera fruit flies attracted to methyl eugenol in different ecological zones of Goa, India. Int J Trop Insect Sci 29, 195–201 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1017/S174275840999035X

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S174275840999035X

Key words

Navigation