Abstract
The spatial distribution of Bactrocera fruit flies in the Goa region (west coast of India) was studied using several dispersion parameters between April 2006 and March 2008 in three ecological zones, viz. coastal, midland and upland. These zones are 10, 25 and 50 km to the east from the coastline of the Arabian Sea at an elevation of 15, 70 and 100 m above mean sea level, respectively. The dispersion parameters revealed that the population of all the fruit fly species attracted to methyl eugenol-baited traps, viz. Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera caryeae, Bactrocera zonata, Bactrocera affinis and Bactrocera correcta, followed the negative binomial distribution pattern and was highly aggregated or clumped.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bartlett M. S. (1975) The Statistical Analysis of Spatial Pattern. Chapman & Hall, London. 90 pp.
Bechinski E. J. and Pedigo L. P. (1981) Population dispersion and development of sampling plans of Orius insidiosus and Nobis spp. in soyabeans. Environmental Entomology 10, 835–841.
Bezzi M. (1913) Indian trypaneids (fruit-flies) in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 3, 53–175.
Binns M. R. and Nyrop J. P. (1992) Sampling insect populations for the purpose of IPM decision making. Annual Review of Entomology 37, 427–453.
Bliss C. I. and Owen A. R. G. (1958) Negative binomial distributions with a common K. Biometrika 45, 37–58.
Clarke A. R., Armstrong K. F., Carmichael A. E., Milne J. R., Raghu S., Roderick G. K. and Yeates D. K. (2005) Invasive phytophagous pests arising through a recent tropical evolutionary radiation: the Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies. Annual Review of Entomology 50, 293–319.
Cole L. C. (1946) A theory for analyzing contagiously distributed populations. Ecology 27, 329–341.
David K. J., Kumar A. R. V. and Ramani S. (2008) Distribution of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Kerala with special reference to the Western Ghats. Journal of the Entomological Research Society 10, 55–69.
David F. N. and Moore P. G. (1954) Notes on contagious distributions in plant populations. Annals of Botany 18, 47–53.
Dekker L. and Messing R. (1995) Pest Management Guidelines. Introduction to managing fruit flies in Hawaii, HITAR Brief No. 114. Available at: https://doi.org/www.extento.hawaii.edu/kbase/reports/fruit-pest
Drew R. A. I. and Raghu S. (2002) The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of the rainforest habitat of the Western Ghats, India. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 50, 327–352.
Drew R. A. I. and Romig M. C. (1997) Overview. Tephritidae in the Pacific and Southeast Asia. ACIAR Proceedings No. 76, Canberra, Australia. 267 pp.
Drew R. A. I. and Romig M. C. (2007) Records of Dacine fruit flies and new species of Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Bhutan. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 55, 1–21.
Elliott J. M. (1979) Some methods for statistical analysis of samples of benthic invertebrates. Science Publication of Fresh Water Biology Association 25, 157 pp.
Faleiro J. R., Ashok Kumar J. and Rangnekar P. A. (2002) Spatial distribution of red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliv. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in coconut plantations. Crop Protection 21, 171–176.
Faleiro J. R., Rai S. and Vasisht A. K. (1982) Sequential sampling plan for the management of leafhopper population in okra. Annals of Agriculture Research 3, 164–170.
Hendrichs J., Katsoyannos B. I., Papaj D. R. and Prokopy R. J. (1991) Sex-differences in movement between natural feeding and mating sites and tradeoffs between food consumption, mating success and predator evasion in Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Oecologia (Berlin) 86, 223–231.
Kumar J. A. (1996) Sampling of insect populations - a statistical study. Thesis submitted to Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India in partial fulfillment of the requirements for award of the degree of Master of Science. 87 pp.
Kumar S. and Bhatt R. I. (2002) Crop losses due to fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta Bezzi in some commercial varieties of mango. Journal of Applied Zoological Researches 13, 64–65.
Lloyd M. (1967) Mean crowding. Journal of Animal Ecology 36, 1–30.
Madhura H. S. and Verghese A. (2004) A guide to identification of some common fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae). Pest Management of Horticultural Ecosystems 10, 1–10.
Meats A. (2007) Dispersion of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) at high and low densities and consequences of mismatching dispersions of wild and sterile flies. Florida Entomologist 90, 136–146.
Morisita M. (1962) I-index, a measure of dispersion of individuals. Researches on Population Ecology 4, 1–7.
Pandey A. K., Dwivedi S. K, Ahmed S. B. and Ahmed Z. (2008) Spatial distribution of thrips (Thrips tabaci) in onion (Allium cepa) under cold arid region of Jammu and Kashmir. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research 78, 65–69.
Patel G. P. and Stiteler W. M. (1974) Concepts of aggregation and their quantification: a critical review with some new results and applications. Researches on Population Ecology 15, 238–254.
Rai S., Faleiro J. R. and Vasisht A. K. (1982) Sequential sampling plan for okra fruit borer, Earias vittella Fab. Annals of Agriculture Research 3, 52–58.
Ramani S. (1998) Biosystematic studies on fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) with special reference to the fauna of Karnataka and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. PhD thesis, University of Agricultural Science, Bangalore, India.
Reddy C. N., Singh T V. K., Reddy D. P. R. and Goud T. R. (1996) Distribution pattern of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella on cabbage at Hyderabad. Indian Journal of Entomology 58, 306–309.
Ruesink W. G. and Kogan M. (1974) The quantitative basis of pest management: sampling and measuring, pp. 309–352. In Introduction to Insect Pest Management (edited by R. L. Metcalf and W. H. Luckman). Vol. 9. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Sarada G., Maheswari T. U. and Purushotham K. (2001) Seasonal incidence and population fluctuation of fruit flies in mango and guava. Indian Journal of Entomology 63, 272–276.
Sisodiya D. B., Jhala R. C., Stonehouse J. M., Verghese A. and Mumford J. D. (2005) Shelf life properties of wooden blocks for male fruit fly annihilation in central Gujarat. Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystem 11, 142–144.
Southwood T. R. E. (1978) Ecological Methods, With Particular Reference to the Study of Insect Populations. Chapman & Hall, London. 524 pp.
Taylor L. R. (1984) Assessing and interpreting the spatial distribution of insect population. Annual Review of Entomology 29, 321–358.
Verghese A., Kamala Jayanthi P. D., Madhura H. S. and Nagaraju D. K. (2002) Distribution of fruit flies Bactrocera spp. along the South Indian coast, pp. 129–131. Extended Summaries, National Conference on Coastal Agricultural Research, 6–7 April, Goa, India.
Verghese A., Sreedevi K., Sudha Devi K., Nagaraju D. K. and Jayanthi Mala B. R. (2006) A farmer-friendly trap for the management of the fruit fly, Bactrocera spp. (Tephritidae: Diptera). Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystem 12, 164–167.
Verghese A. and Sudha Devi K. (1998) Relation between trap catch of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel and abiotic factors, pp. 15–18. In Proceedings of the First National Symposium on Pest Management in Horticultural Crops: Environmental Implications and Trusts (edited by P. P. Reddy, N. K. Krishna Kumar and A. Verghese). Organized by Association for Advancement of Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems, Bangalore.
Vijaysegaran S. (1997) Fruit fly research and development in Tropical Asia, pp. 21–29. In Management of Fruit Flies in the Pacific (edited by A. J. Allwood and R. A. I Drew). ACIAR Proceedings No. 76.
Waterhouse D. R (1997) The major invertebrate pests and weeds of agriculture and plantation forestry in southern and western Pacific, ACIAR Monograph No. 44: Canberra, Australia. 99 pp.
White I. M. and Elson-Harris M. M. (1992) Fruit Flies of Economic Significance: Their Identification and Bionomics. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. pp. 165–278.
Young L. J. and Young J. H. (1998) Statistical Ecology: A Population Perspective. Kluwer, Boston, Massachusetts. 584 pp.
Zalucki M. P., Drew R. A. I. and Hooper G. H. S. (1984) Ecological studies of eastern Australian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in their endemic habitat. II. The spatial pattern of abundance. Oecologia (Berlin) 64, 273–279.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Satarkar, V.R., Krishnamurthy, S.V., Faleiro, J.R. et al. Spatial distribution of major Bactrocera fruit flies attracted to methyl eugenol in different ecological zones of Goa, India. Int J Trop Insect Sci 29, 195–201 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1017/S174275840999035X
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S174275840999035X