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Etude de Variations des Paramètres Démographiques de Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) Et De Ses Parasitoïdes, Dinarmus basalis (Rond.) et Eupelmus vuilleti (Crwf.), sur le Niébé dans une Perspective de Lutte Biologique

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Résumé

Dinarmus basalis (Rond.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) et Eupelmus vuilleti (Crwf.) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) sont deux parasitoïdes qui se développent aux dépens des larves des derniers stades et/ou des nymphes de la bruche du niébé, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). La lutte biologique contre C. maculatus par l’utilisation de ces parasitoïdes est actuellement envisagée. Les capacités intrinsèques d’accroissement naturel (rm) de l’hôte et de ses parasitoïdes ainsi que les réponses fonctionnelles des deux hyménoptères ont été étudiées au cours de la saison sèche en zone sub-humide de Bobo-Dioulasso au Burkina Faso, de janvier à juillet 1995. Au début de la saison sèche, les trois espèces ont eu des capacités intrinsèques d’accroissement natures limitées en raison des conditions thermiques relativement basses et du faible taux d’humidité relative de l’air prévalant à cette période. A partir du mois de mars, avec l’augmentation de la température et de l’humidité relative de l’air, ces capacités d’accroissement ainsi que les taux de parasitisme sont devenu plus importants. Dans tous les cas, D. basalis présentait les plus forts taux d’accroissement intrinsèque et de parasitisme durant toute la période d’étude. L’analyse de la réponse fonctionnelle a montré que la fécondité des femelles ainsi que leurs capacités parasitaires sont de type densité dépendante et qu’elles varient avec les conditions climatiques aussi bien chez E. vuilleti que chez D. basalis. Cependant, D. basalis présente une réponse plus intense. Les résultats obtenus montrent l’importance des variations des facteurs climatiques notamment la température et l’humidité relative de l’air au cours de la saison sèche sur la reproduction et le développement des insectes étudiés. Dinarmus basalis possède les meilleures potentialités pour limiter l’évolution des effectifs de C. maculatus.

Abstract

The parasitoids Dinarmus basalis Rond. (Flymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Eupelmus vuilleti Crwf. (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) develop mainly on relatively old larvae and pupae of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) found in cowpea seeds. Therefore, it is possible to consider biological control against C. maculatus using these natural enemies. The intrinsic rates of increase for C. maculatus and the two parasitoids were determined during the dry season in the subhumid area of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, from January to July 1995. Functional response was also analysed for D. basalis and E. vuilleti. At the beginning of the dry season, the cowpea weevil and both its natural enemy species had limited intrinsic rates of increase, attributed to the relatively low temperatures and low relative humidity thatprevail during this period. In March, when temperature and relative humidity began to rise, conditions were optimum for their reproduction and development. Dinarmus basalis showed the higher intrinsic rates of increase and parasitism through the study period. Analysis of the functional response revealed that fecundity and potential for parasitism of both parasitoids were density-related and varied with climatic conditions. However, D. basalis showed a more efficient response. This study has shown that the variations of climatic conditions such as temperature and relative humidity during the dry season significantly influence the development and reproduction of C. maculatus and its parasitoids. Dinarmus basalis appeared to be the better biological agent in controlling C. maculatus.

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  1. A. Sanon

    Present address: Laboratoire d’Entomologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université de Ouagadougou, 06, BP 9820, Burkina Faso

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  1. Laboratoire d’Entomologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université de Ouagadougou, 06, BP 9820, Burkina Faso

    P. A. Ouedraogo

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Sanon, A., Ouedraogo, P.A. Etude de Variations des Paramètres Démographiques de Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) Et De Ses Parasitoïdes, Dinarmus basalis (Rond.) et Eupelmus vuilleti (Crwf.), sur le Niébé dans une Perspective de Lutte Biologique. Int J Trop Insect Sci 18, 241–250 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1017/S174275840002347X

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