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Biological Methods of Bruchid Control in the Tropics: A Review

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Abstract

Bruchid beetles cause high losses of stored legumes in the tropics. Chemical control is inappropriate for the small scale farmer and the use of alternative measures should be encouraged. Different biological methods of control such as cultural, physical, varietal, biological, biorational and genetic control are reviewed. Cultural control techniques such as timely and frequent harvesting, legumes planted away from granaries, crop hygiene and storage in pods, are within the technical and financial means of the small scale farmer. The use of inert substances, vegetable oils and repellent plants may be cheap and effective if properly managed. The use of controlled atmosphere, vacuum, heating, cooling and sterilizing, requires relatively advanced techniques. Growth regulators and pheromones are currently not available for control. Varieties resistant to bruchids have been identified, but incorporation of resistance into suitable varieties has proven to be difficult. Biological control of bruchids should receive more attention in particular research on the introduction and conservation of natural enemies. To effectively implement control measures at farmer’s level socio-economic and cultural aspects should be taken into account. Proven appropriate techniques should be combined in an overall integrated pest management strategy.

Résumé

Les Coléoptères Bruchidae causent de lourdes pertes dans les stocks de Légumineuses des pays tropicaux. La lutte chimique n’est pas appropriée pour les petits producteurs; des méthodes alternatives doivent être encouragées. Différentes techniques de lutte biologique, culturales, physiques, variétales, biologiques, biorationelles et génétiques sont passées en revue. Les pratiques culturales de lutte, comme les récoltes fréquentes effectuées au bon moment, le semis des Légumineuses loin des greniers, l’hygiène des cultures et le stockage en gousses, sont des méthodes acceptables techniquement et financièrement par les petits producteurs. L’emploi de substances inertes, d’huiles végétales et des plantes répulsives, pourrait être efficace et peu coûteux s’il est bien géré. L’utilisation d’atmosphère contrôlée, d’aspirateur, de chauffage, de refroidisseur et de stérilisateur demande un niveau technique plus élevé. Régulateurs de croissance et pheromones ne sont pas disponibles actuellement pour la lutte. Des variétés résistantes aux Bruchidés ont été identifiées, mais l’incorporation de la résistance à des variétés convenables s’est avérée difficile. Plus d’attention devrait être portée à la lutte biologique contre les Bruchidés, en particulier à l’introduction et à la conservation des ennemis naturels. Pour rendre efficace les mesures de lutte au niveau des producteurs, les aspects socio-économiques et culturels doivent être considérés. Toute technique reconnue comme appropriée doit s’inscrire dans une stratégie globale de lutte intégrée.

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  1. Department of Entomology, Wageningen Agricultural University, P. O. Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    A. Van Huis

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Van Huis, A. Biological Methods of Bruchid Control in the Tropics: A Review. Int J Trop Insect Sci 12, 87–102 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758400020579

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