Abstract
The effects of various concentrations of Neem Azal-T and Neem Azal-T/S as natural insecticides on the biology and percentage mortality of adult Aphis craccivora Koch were studied under laboratory conditions. Both extracts had an aphicidal effect against the adults and significantly decreased their fecundities and longevities. Addition of synergists such as ethyl oleate, sesame oil and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) improved the aphicidal effects of both insecticides. The biological activity of Neem Azal-T / S only could be enhanced with suitable additives as they adversely affected the fecundity and longevity in comparison to the extract alone. Addition of CaCO3 to the above extracts had no clear effect on either neem seed extract formulation.
Résumé
Les effets de différentes concentrations de Neem Azal-T et Neem Azal-T/S, produits utilisés comme insecticides naturels agissant sur la biologie et le taux de mortalité des adultes de Aphis craccivora Koch ont été étudiés dans les conditions de laboratoire. Les deux extraits ont montré un effet aphicide contre les adultes et ont réduit leur fécondité et leur longévité d’une façon significative. L’incorporation des matières synergiques comme l’éthyle-oléate, l’huile de sésame et le diméthyle-sulphoxide (DMSO) a amélioré l’effet aphicide des deux insecticides. L’activité biologique de Neem Azal-T/S pouvait seulement être augmenté moyennant l’incorporation des adjuvants appropriés et ceci réduisait la fécondité et la longévité, en comparaison avec l’utilisation de l’extrait brut seul. L’addition du CaO3 à ces deux produits n’a pas montré d’effet apparent sur la formulation des extraits obtenus à partir de graines de nim.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbott W. S. (1925) A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J. tecon. Entomol. 18, 265–267.
Dimetry N. Z. and El-Hawary F. M. (1995) Neem Azal-F as an inhibitor of growth and reproduction in the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch. J. appl. Entomol. 119, 67–71.
Dimetry N. Z. and Schmidt G. H. (1991) Improvement of methanol extract of Melia azedarach by some additives against Aphis fabae Scop. Boll. Zool. Agr. Bachic, Ser II, 23, 143–151.
Dimetry N. Z. and Schmidt G. H. (1992) Efficacy of Neem Azal-S and Margosan-O against the bean aphid Aphis fabae Scop. Anz. Schadlingskde, Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz 65, 75–79.
Dove W. E. (1947) Piperonyl butoxide, a new safe insecticide for household and field. Am. J. Trop. Med. 27, 339–345.
Goyal R. S., Gulati K. C., Sarup P., Kidwai M. A. and Singh D. S. (1971) Biological activity of various alcohol extractives and isolates of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed cake against Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (Linn.) and Schistocerca gregaria Forsk. Indian J. Entomol. 33, 67–71.
Hayslett H. T. (1970) Statistics Made Simple. W.H. Allen, London.
Islam B. N. (1984) Pesticidal action of neem and certain indigenous plants and weeds of Bangladesh. Proc. 2nd Int. Neem Conf. (Rauischholzhausen, 1983), pp. 263–290.
Kraus W., Cramer R., Bö kel M. and Sawitzki G. (1981) New insect antifeedant from Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach. Proc. 1st Int. Neem Conf. (Rottach-Egern, 1980), pp. 53–62.
Lange W. (1984) Piperonyl butoxide: Synergistic effects on different neem seed extracts and influence on degradation of an enriched extract by ultra-violet light. Proc. 2nd Int Neem Conf., Rauischholzhausen, 1983, pp. 129–140.
Lange W. and Schmutterer H. (1982) Versuche mit Synergisten Zur Steigerung der metamorphose Storenden Wirkung eines methanolischen Rohextraktes aus Samen des Neembaumes (Azadirachta indica). Z. Pfl.-Krankh., Pfl.-Schutz. 89, 258–265.
Metcalf R. L. (1967) Mode of action of insecticide synergists. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 12, 229–256.
Othaki T., Milkma R. D. and Williams C. M. (1968) Dynamics of ecdysone secretion and action in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga peregrina. Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab.; Woods Hole 135, 322–334.
Othaki T. and Williams C. M. (1970) Inactivation of ß-ecdysone and cyasterone by larvae of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga peregrina and pupae of the silkworm Sesamia cynthia. Biol. Bull mar. biol Lab., Woods Hole 138, 326–333.
Schauer M. (1984) Effects of variously formulated neem seed extracts on Acyrthosiphon pisum and Aphis fabae. Proc. 2nd Int. Neem Conf. (Rauischholzhausen, 1983), pp. 141–150.
Schmutterer H. (1984) Neem research in the Federal Republic of Germany since the first international Neem Conf. Proc. 2nd Int. Neem Conf. (Rauischholzhausen, 1983), pp. 21–30.
Schmutterer H. and Rembold H. (1980) Zur Wirkung einiger Reinfraktionen aus Samen von Azadirachta indica auf Frassktivität und Metamorphose von Epilachna varivestis (Col., Coccinellidae). Z. angew. Entomol. 89, 179–188.
Siddig A. S. (1981) Evaluation of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) as protectant against some major pests in the Sudan. Annual Report Entomology Unit, Shambat Research Station, Sudan, 8 pp.
Stark J. D. and Walter J. F. (1995) Neem oil and neem oil components affect the efficacy of commercial neem insecticides. J. tAgric. Food Chem. 43, 507–512.
Tanzubil P. B, (1987) The use of neem products in controlling the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus. Proc. 3rd Int. Neem Conf. (Nairobi, 1986), pp. 517–523.
Walker W. F. and Thompson M. J. (1973) 22, 25-Bisdeoxyecdysone pathological effects on the Mexican bean beetle and synergism with juvenile hormone compounds J. econ. Entomol. 66, 64–67.
Warthen J. D. Jr. (1979) Azadirachta indica: A source of insect feeding inhibitor and growth regulators. US Dep. Agric, Res. Results ARR-NE-4.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dimetry, N.Z., El-Hawary, F.M.A. Synergistic Effect of Some Additives on the Biological Activity and Toxicity of Neem-Based Formulations Against the Cowpea Aphid, Aphis Craccivora Koch. Int J Trop Insect Sci 17, 395–399 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1017/S174275840001924X
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S174275840001924X