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Les Inhibiteurs des Facteurs Humoraux Chez les Criquets Migrateurs, Schistocerca Gregaria et Locusta Migratoria: Perspectives d’Utilisation dans la Lutte Biologique

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Résumé

L’hémolymphe des criquets migrateurs, Schistocerca gregaria et Locusta migratoria contient des facteurs humoraux, la lectine et le système phénoloxydase. Ces facteurs ont été mis en évidence par des tests in vitro. La lectine présente dans le plasma agglutine les hématies de lapin et les protozoaires Malamoeba locustae, Leishmania major et Trypanosoma brucei. Sa purification et son analyse par électrophorèse en conditions dénaturantes et non dénaturantes ont révélé qu’il s’agit d’une protéine de 650 kD composée de sous-unités de 80 kD. Le système phénoloxydase a été également étudié. Il peut être activé in vitro par des substances d’origine microbienne (LPS, laminarine, suspension de kystes de M. locustae), par la trypsine ou le méthanol. Les inhibiteurs de ces deux facteurs humoraux ont été étudiés. Dans le cas de la lectine, il s’agit du sucre inhibiteur, le nitrophényl ± d-galactopyranoside et l’antisérum antilectine. Des inhibiteurs du système phénoloxydase ont été identifiés dans le plasma. Les perspectives d’utilisation de ces inhibiteurs dans la lutte biologique sont discutées. En effet, il serait intéressant d’étudier les possibilités de leur incorporation dans la formulation des biopesticides; ils pourraient ainsi exercer une action dépressive sur le système immunitaire de l’insecte tout en amplifiant l’action des biopesticides.

Abstract

Haemolymph from the locusts Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria contains humoral factors such as lectin and phenoloxidase system. In vitro studies demonstrated that phenoloxidase system can be activated by LPS, laminarin, Malamoeba locustae cysts, trypsin and methanol. Haemolymph showed agglutination activity for mammalian erythrocytes and protozoa (M. locustae, Leishmania major and Trypanosoma brucei). A purified lectin was isolated from haemolymph by affinity chromatography. Analysis by SDS-PAGE gave a single band at 80 kD while on native PAGE, it gave a single band at 650 kD. Inhibitors of the two humoral factors were investigated. Lectin activity was inhibited by nitrophenyl ± d-galactopyranoside in both cases and by lectin antiserum. Inhibitors of the phenoloxidase system were found in plasma. Prospects for use of such inhibitors are discussed. They could be incorporated in biopesticide formulations in such a way that they could depress locust immune reaction and stimulate biocide activity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut d’Etudes et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Station de Farako-Ba, B.P. 910, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

    D. Dakouo

  2. International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya

    S. Essuman & S. K. Raina

  3. Laboratoire de Pathologie Comparée, Université de Montpellier II, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    M. Bréhélin & Latifa Drif

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  1. D. Dakouo
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  2. S. Essuman
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  4. M. Bréhélin
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  5. Latifa Drif
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Dakouo, D., Essuman, S., Raina, S.K. et al. Les Inhibiteurs des Facteurs Humoraux Chez les Criquets Migrateurs, Schistocerca Gregaria et Locusta Migratoria: Perspectives d’Utilisation dans la Lutte Biologique. Int J Trop Insect Sci 17, 379–388 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758400019226

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