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Antixenotic and Antibiotic Components of Resistance to the Cassava Mealybug Phenacoccus Manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Various Host-Plants

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Abstract

Antixenotic and antibiotic components of resistance to the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matt. Ferr, were evaluated in different varieties of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), in Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild), Talinum (Talinum triangulare Jack) and Fauxcaoutchouc (hybrid of M. esculenta and M. glaziovii Mull. Arg.). Resistance, was estimated in the field on 25 varieties of cassava by means of varietal screening. Although we were unable to identify varieties of cassava totally resistant to P. manihoti, there was evidence of partial resistances. Thus the Incoza variety is the most resistant, followed by the Moudouma and Zanaga varieties. On the other hand we found very susceptible varieties, such as Dikonda, Kataoli, 3M8 and 1M20. Laboratory evaluations of the antibiotic component of resistance, made by estimating the intrinsic capacity for increase rc, showed that the host-plants have a considerable effect on the multiplying capacity of the mealybug. Indeed rc ranges from 0.038 (Poinsettia) to 0.160 (Ganfo cassava variety), i.e. a ratio of 1 to 4 between the two extreme values. If the cassava varieties alone are considered, the percentage of maximum variation is 20% between the Incoza (rc = 0.133) and Ganfo (rc = 0.160) varieties. The Incoza cassava variety is the most resistant, in terms of both antixenosis and antibiosis. Classification of the other cassava varieties, from the most to the least resistant, differs according to the resistant component under consideration. Poinsettia and Talinum both have a very strong antixenotic component, but their antibiotic component differs (rc = 0.038 and 0.150 respectively). Our results suggest that the resistance mechanisms of the host-plants of P. manihoti intervening in the fixation of the pest (antixenosis), are different from those acting on the development of the mealybug (antibiosis). We established significant correlations between the size of the mealybugs and their demographic characteristics for all the plants studied: the duration of the prereproductive period is shorter and the net reproduction rate is higher when the mealybugs are large-sized. These results are discussed in the context of an integrated monitoring programme.

Résumé

Les composantes antixénotiques et antibiotiques de la résistance de différentes variétés de manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz), du Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild.), du Talinum (Talinum triangulare Jack.) et du Faux-caoutchouc (hybride de M. esculenta et M. glaziovii Mull. Arg.), vis-à-vis de la-cochenille farineuse du manioc Phenacoccus manihoti Matt. Ferr., ont ete évaluées. La résistance au champ a été estimée sur 25 variétés de manioc, au travers d’un criblage varietal. Ce dernier n’a pas permis d’identifier des variétés de manioc totalement résistantes vis-à-vis de P. manihoti; il a cependant permis la mise en évidence de résistances partielles. Ainsi, la variété Incoza est la plus résistante, suivie par les variétés Moudouma et Zanaga. A l’opposé, nous trouvons des variétés très sensibles telles que Dikonda, Kataoli, 3M8 et 1M20. L’évaluation au laboratoire de la composante antibiotique de la résistance, au travers de l’estimation de la capacité intrinsèque d’accroissement rc, montre que les plantes-hotes exercent une forte influence sur le pouvoir multiplicateur de la cochenille. En effet, rc est compris entre 0.038 (Poinsettia) et 0.160 (variété de manioc Ganfo) soit un rapport de 1 à 4 entre les deux valeurs extrêmes. Si nous ne considérons que les seules variétés de manioc le pourcentage de variation maximum est de 20% entre les variétés Incoza (rc = 0.133) et Ganfo (rc = 0.160). La variété de manioc Incoza est la plus résistante aussi bien en terme d’antixénose que d’antibiose. Le classement des autres variétés de manioc de la plus à la moins résistante est différent selon la composante de résistance considérée. Le Poinsettia et le Talinum dont la composante antixénotique est très forte, s’opposent en terme de composante antibiotique (rc = 0,038 et 0,150 respectivement). Nos résultats suggèrent que les mécanismes de résistance des plantes-hôtes de P. manihoti qui interviennent dans la fixation du ravageur (antixénose) sont différents de ceux qui agissent sur le développement de la cochenille (antibiose). Nous avons pu établir des corrélations significatives entre la taille des cochenilles et leurs caractéristiques démographiques pour l’ensemble des plantes étudiées: la durée de la période préreproductive est d’autant plus rapide et le taux net de reproduction d’autant plus élevé que les cochenilles sont de grandes tailles. Ces résultats sont discutés dans la cadre d’un programme de lutte intégrée.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire d’Entomologie Agricole, ORSTOM, B. P. 181, Congo

    M. Tertuliano & B. Le Rü

  2. Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherches Appliquées (IPRA) Avenue de l’Université, 64 000, Pau, France

    S. Dossou-Gbete

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  1. M. Tertuliano
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  2. S. Dossou-Gbete
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  3. B. Le Rü
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Tertuliano, M., Dossou-Gbete, S. & Le Rü, B. Antixenotic and Antibiotic Components of Resistance to the Cassava Mealybug Phenacoccus Manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Various Host-Plants. Int J Trop Insect Sci 14, 657–665 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758400018087

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