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Effects of Nitrogen and Calcium on the Level of Resistance of Cassava to the Mealybug P. Manihoti

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Abstract

The effects of various levels of cow manure (equivalent to 0–50 kg nitrogen/ha.) or ground limestone (equivalent to 0–5 tons calcium/ha.) on the expression of resistance of cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz to the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat. Ferr., were investigated under semi-controlled conditions in the laboratory. The study was made on two varieties of cassava, Moudouma and MM79, characterized by different levels of resistance in terms of antibiosis and tolerance. The antibiotic component was evaluated by determining the intrinsic capacity for increase rc and tolerance by quantifying morphological and physiological modifications in the growth of plants induced by 2 months infestation by 100 mealybugs.

The antibiotic resistance of the two varieties was reduced by both fertilizers. However, the reduction was only significant at levels of 10 and 20 kg N/ha. and 1 and 1.51 Ca/ha. for Moudouma and MM79 respectively.

In both varieties, tolerance was increased by the addition of nitrogen and not modified by the addition of lime.

The integration of these results into traditional cassava crops systems has also been discussed.

Résumé

L’influence de différents niveaux de fertilisation azotée (de 0 à 50 KgN/ha) ou calcique (de 0 à 5 tonnes/ha) sur l’expression de la résistance du manioc, Manihot esculenta Crantz, vis à vis de la cochenille farineuse du manioc, Phenacoccus manihoti Matt. Ferr., a été étudiée en conditions expérimentales de laboratoire. L’étude a porté sur deux variétés de manioc, Moudouma et MM79, caractérisées par des niveaux de résistance de type antibiose et tolérance différents. La composante antibiotique a été appréciée au travers de la détermination de la capacité intrisèque d’accroissement rc et, la tolérance en quantifiant les modifications morphologiques et physiologiques de la croissance des plantes provoquées par une infestation de 2 mois par cent cochenilles.

La résistance antibiotique des deux variétés de manioc est réduite par les deux fertilisations minérales. La réduction n’est cependant significative qu’aux taux 10 et 20 kgN/ha. respectivement pour Moudouma et MM79 et, aux taux 1 et 1,5 T/ha. de calcaire pour les deux variétés.

Chez les deux variétés, la résistance de type tolérance est augmentée par l’apport d’azote et non modifiée par l’apport de calcaire.

L’integration de ces résultats, dans les systèmes culturaux traditionnels à base de manioc est par ailleurs évoquée.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire d’Entomologie Agricole, ORSTOM, BP 181, Brazzaville, Congo

    B. Le Rü, J. P. Diangana & N. Beringar

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  1. B. Le Rü
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  2. J. P. Diangana
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  3. N. Beringar
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Le Rü, B., Diangana, J.P. & Beringar, N. Effects of Nitrogen and Calcium on the Level of Resistance of Cassava to the Mealybug P. Manihoti. Int J Trop Insect Sci 15, 87–96 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758400016805

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