Skip to main content
Log in

Termite Distribution and Damage to Crops on Smallholder Farms in Southern Malawi

  • Research Article
  • Published:
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Termite damage to annual crops on smallscale farms was surveyed in eight areas in southern Malawi during 1989/90 to 1991/92. The most frequently grown crop was maize, followed by pigeonpeas, Phaseolus beans, cotton, cowpea and groundnuts. Twenty-seven species of termites were found attacking crops. The most numerous and widely distributed were several species of the Macrotermitinae, including Ancistrotermes latinotus, four species of Macrotermes, four species of Microtermes, three species of Odontotermes and Pseudacanthotermes militaris. All species damaged maize but only a few damaged bambara, cassava and banana. The damage appeared to be more frequent in dry areas than in wet ones.

Résumé

Une enquête relative aux dégâts des termites sur les récoltes annuelles au niveau des petites exploitations a été menée dans huit localités au Sud du Malawi, au cours des périodes culturales de 1989/90 à 1991/92. Le maïs était la culture la plus fréquente, puis venaient le pois d’Angole, le haricot, le coton, le niébé et l’arachide. Vingt sept espèces de termites s’attaquant aux cultures ont été dénombrées. Les espèces les plus largement répandues et les plus importantes en effectifs appartenaient au groupe de Macrotermitinae dont: Ancistrotermes latinotus, quatre espèces de Macrotermes, quatre espèces de Microtermes, trois espèces d’Odontotermes et Pseudacanthotermes militaris. Toutes les espèces s’attaquaient au maïs, mais peu d’entre elles se nourrissaient sur le bambara, le manioc et le bananier. Les dégâts étaient plus fréquents dans les zones sèches que dans les zones à forte pluviométrie.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+
from $39.99 /Month
  • Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
  • Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
  • Cancel anytime
View plans

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bigger M. (1966) The biology and control of termites damaging field crops in Tanganyika. Bull. cut. Res. 56, 417–444.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cowie R. T. and Wood T. G. (1989) Damage to crops, forestry and rangeland by fungus-growing termites (Termitidae: Macrotermitinae) in Ethiopia. Sociobiology 15, 139–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowie R. H., Wood T. G., Barnett E. A., Sands W. A. and Black H. I. J. (1990) A checklist of the termites of Ethiopia with a review of their biology, distribution and pest status. Afr. J. Ecol. 28, 21–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris W. V. (1969) Termites as Pests of Crops and Trees. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London. 41 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris W. V. (1971) Termites. Their Recognition and Control. Second Edition. Longman, London. 186 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Logan J. W. M. (1991) Damage to sorghum by termites (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae) in the Lower Shire Valley, Malawi. Sociobiology 19, 305–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Logan J. W. M., Cowie R. H. and Wood T. G. (1990) Termite (Isoptera) control in agriculture and forestry by non-chemical methods: A review. Bull. ent. Res. 80, 309–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews G. A. and Whellan J. A. (1974) Malawi Crop Protection Handbook. Department of Extension and Training, Extension Aids Branch. 87 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mercer P. C. (1978) Pests and diseases of groundnuts in Malawi. Oleagineaux 33, 619–624.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell B. C (1972) Termite survey of Rhodesia. Rhodesia Agric. J. 69, 39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nel J. J. C. (1970) Aspects of the behaviour of harvester termites, Hodotermes mossambicus in the field. J. Ent. Soc. S. Afr. 33, 23–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roonwall M. L. (1979) Termite Life and Termite Control in Tropical South Asia. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose D. J. W. (1962) Pests of maize and other cereal crops in the Rhodesias. Rhodesia Agric. Bull. 2163, 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wightman J. A. and Wightman A. S. (1994) Agronomic and sociological survey of groundnut fields in southern Africa. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 51, 311–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wightman J. A. W., Dick M., Ranga Rao G. V., Shanower T. G. and Gold C. G. (1990) Pests of groundnut in the semi-arid tropics, pp. 243–322. In Insect Pests of Tropical Food Legumes (Edited by S. R. Singh). John Wiley and Sons, Chichester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood T.G. and Cowie R.H. (1988) Assessment of onfarm losses in cereals in Africa due to soil insects. Insect Sci. Applic. 9, 709–716.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. C. Munthali.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Munthali, D.C., Logan, J.W.M., Wood, T.G. et al. Termite Distribution and Damage to Crops on Smallholder Farms in Southern Malawi. Int J Trop Insect Sci 19, 43–49 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1017/S174275840001657X

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S174275840001657X

Key Words

Mots Clés