Abstract
The suitability of some plant products (leaf powders and volatile oils) in protecting cow pea seeds from attack by Callosobruchus maculatus F. during storage was evaluated at a range of 0.5–4 g powder and 0.5–30µl for oils. Oils of the plants studied: Lantana camara L., Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf., Eugenia uniflora L. and Lippia adoensis Hoschst, were more potent than their respective powders in reducing or inhibiting oviposition and adult emergence. Effectiveness of the oils as protectants for stored cowpea in decreasing order is: L. adoensis = C. citratus > L. camara and E. uniflora. Only the powdered leaves of E. uniflora and L. adoensis were effective in providing a high level of bruchid control. However, dressing with all the oils and powder of E. uniflora left the seeds fresh at 54 days after treatment. The significance of these findings in protecting cowpea against the storage pest is discussed.
Résumé
Il a été procédé a une étude pour detérminer l’efficacité de certains produits de plante (poudres de feuille et huiles volatiles) dans la protection de graines de niébé contre les attaques de Callosobruchus maculatus F. au cours du stockage. Les huiles des plantes étudiées: Lantana camara L., Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf, Eugenia uniflora L. et Lippia adoensis Hoschst se sont montrées plus puissantes que leurs poudres respectives dans la réduction ou l’inhibition de l’oviposition et de l’émergence adulte. L’efficience de ces huiles en tant qu’agents protecteurs du niébé stocké, L. adoensis dans l’ordre C. citratus, L. camara et E. uniflora. Seules les poudres de feuilles de E. uniflora et L. adoensis ont été efficaces pour assurer un très bon contrôle de la bruche. Toutefois, avec un enduit de toutes les huiles et poudres de E. uniflora, les graines sont restées fraîches 54 jours après le traitement. L’importance de ces découvertes pour la protection du niébé contre les parasites du stockage, fait l’object d’une discussion.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anonymous (1986) The preservation of beans (cowpeas) with neem oil. Tech. Leafl. Plant Prot. No. 3. Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH.
Credland P. F. (1992) The structure of Bruchid eggs may explain the ovicidal effect of oils. J. stored Prod. Res. 28 (1), 1–9.
El-Sayed F. M. A., Etman A. A. M., Abdel-Razik M. (1989) Effectiveness of natural oils in protecting some stored products from two stored product pests. Bull. Fac. Agric, Univ. Cairo 40 (2), 409–418.
Gbolade A. A. and Adebayo T. A. (1993) Fumigant effects of some volatile oils on fecundity and adult emergence of Callosobruchus maculatus F. Insect Sci. Applic. (in press).
Golob P. and Webley D. T. (1986) The use of plants and minerals as traditional protectants of stored products. Report of the Tropical Products Institute (TPI, London), VI.
Ivbijaro M. F. (1990) The efficacy of seed oils of Azadirachta indica A Juss and Piper guineense Schum and Thonn on the control of Callosobruchus maculatus. Insect Sci. Applic. 11 (2), 149–152.
Ivbijaro M. F. and Agbaje M. (1986) Insecticidal activities of Piper guineense Schum and Thonn and Capsicum species on the cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus F. Insect Sci. Applic. 7, 521–524.
Lambert J. D. H., Gale J., Arnason J.T.and Philogene B. J. R. (1985) Bruchid control with traditionally used insecticidal plants Hyptis spicigera and Cassia nigricans. Insect Sci. Applic. 6, 167–170.
Messina F. J. and Renwick J. A. A. (1983) Effectiveness of oils in protecting stored cowpeas from the cowpea weevil (Coleoptera; Bruchidae). J. econ. Entomol. 76, 634–636.
Metcalf R. L. (1980) Changing role of insecticides in crop protection. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 25, 219–256.
Okonkwo E. U. and Okoye W. I. (1992) The control of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) in stored cowpea with dried ground Ricinus communis (L.) leaves in Nigeria. Trop. Pest Manage. 38 (3), 237–238.
Olaifa J. I., Adebayo T. A., Adesanmi C. A. and Salau A. M. (1990) Sensitivity of the different developmental stages of Callosobruchus maculatus to gamma irradiation. Applic. Radiat, Isot. 41, 785–786.
Olaifa J. I. and Erhun W. O. (1988) Laboratory evaluation of Piper guineense for the protection of cowpea against Callosobruchus maculatus. Insect Sci. Applic. 9, 55–59.
Pereira J. (1983) The effectiveness of six vegetable oils as protectants of cowpeas and bambarra groundnuts against infestation by Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera, Bruchidae). J. stored Prod. Res. 19, 57–62.
Schoonhoven A. V. (1978) Use of vegetable oils to protect stored beans from bruchid attack. J. econ. Entomol. 71, 254–256.
Schulz F. A. (1986) Protection of stored products by means of plant constituents. 1. Essential oil of Bystropogon spp. Proc. 3rd Int. Neem Conf. Nairobi, Kenya. (GTZ-Eschborn, 1987),pp. 653–659.
Sowunmi O. E. and Akinnusi O. A. (1983) Studies on the use of neem kernel in the control of stored cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus F. Trop. Grain Legume Bull. 27, 28–31.
Uvah I. I. and Ishaya A. T. (1992) Effect of some vegetable oils on emergence, oviposition and longevity of the bean weevils, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Trop. Pest Manage. 38 (8), 257–260.
Warui M. (1984) Bruchid infestation of cowpea varieties in the field. Insect Sci. Applic. 5, 283–286.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Adebayo, T.A., Gbolade, A.A. Protection of Stored Cowpea From Callosbruchus Maculatus using Plant Products. Int J Trop Insect Sci 15, 185–189 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758400015435
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758400015435