Abstract
Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an indigenous, gregarious, larval endo/parasitoid which is widely distributed in Africa and attacks mid- to late instars of stemborers. There is renewed interest in using Co. sesamiae for biological control to reduce the problems caused by stemborers. However, Wolbachia sp., a bacterial symbiont of some populations of Co. sesamiae, poses some threat to the successful use of the parasitoid for stemborer control. This bacterium’s common effect is cytoplasmic incompatibility between infected males and uninfected females. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were carried out on parasitoid samples collected from 5 locations in Kenya and 8 other countries in eastern Africa. Wolbachia presence was detected in Co. sesamiae populations from Coast and Machakos in Kenya, and from samples collected from 6 other eastern and southern African countries. No infection was detected from western Kenya, Uganda and Malawi. Cross mating among 3 infected populations (North Coast, South Coast and Machakos) and 2 uninfected populations (Kitale and Kuja) was done to establish which populations were reproductively compatible. Biological parameters, such as brood size and percent females were compared among the different crosses. One-way incompatibility, indicative of Wolbachia infection, was observed from the crosses between males of either Mombasa or Machakos and females from Kitale. Selection of compatible Co. sesamiae populations is critical to successful augmentation biological control programmes.
Résumé
Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron)(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) est un parasitoïde endémique grégaire des larves de foreur de tiges de céréales. Il est reparti sur toute l’Afrique. Il y a un renouvellement d’intérêt pour l’utilisation de Co. sesamiae dans la lutte biologique contre les foreurs. Toutefois, la bacterie symbiotique, Wolbachia sp., présente chez certaines populations du parasitoïde est une menace pour l’utilisation efficace de Cotesia sesamiae. Cette bacterie cause généralement une incompatibilité sexuelle entre les mâles infectés et les females non infectées. Les tests par les réactions en chaîne de polymerase (PCR) ont été effectués sur 5 populations differentes du Kenya et des populations collectées dans 8 pays de l’Afrique de l’est. Au Kenya, la bacterie a été détectée chez les populations de la côte et de Machakos et aussi dans les échantillons venant de 6 pays d’Afrique de l’est et du Sud. Aucune infection n’a été observée dans les populations de l’ouest du Kenya, du Malawi et de l’Ouganda. Les croisements génétiques entre les 3 populations infectées (Côte Nord, Côte Sud et Machakos) et les 2 populations non infectées (Kitale et Kuja) ont été effectués pour établir quelles populations étaient incompatibles. Des parametres biologiques tels que le nombre de descendants, et le pourcentage de females ont été comparés pour les differents croisements. Une incompatibilité unidirectionelle charactéristique de l’infection par Wolbachia a été observé dans les croisements où les mâles venaient de Mombasa ou de Machakos et les females de Kitale. La selection des populations compatibles de Co. sesamiae est essentielle au succes des programmes de lutte biologique.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barr A. R. (1980) Cytoplasmic incompatibility in natural populations of mosquito, Culex pipiens L. Nature 283, 71–72.
Breeuwer J. A. J. and Jacobs G. (1996) Wolbachia intracellular manipulators of mite reproduction. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 20, 421–434.
Breeuwer J. A. J., Stouthamer R., Burns D. A., Pelletier D. A., Weisburg W. G. and Werren J. H. (1992) Phylogeny of cytoplasmic incompatibility microorganisms in the parasitoid wasp genus Nasonia (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequences. Insect Mol. Biol. 1, 25–36.
Curtis C. F. and Sinkins S. P. (1998) Wolbachia as a means of driving genes into populations. Parasitology 116, 111–115.
Gomi K., Gotoh T. and Noda H. (1997) Wolbachia having no effect on reproductive incompatibility in Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acari: Tetranychidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 32, 485–490.
Johanowicz D. L. and Hoy M. A. (1996) Wolbachia in a predator-prey system: 16S ribosomal DNA analysis of two phytoseiids (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and their prey (Acari: Tetranychidae). Ann. Entomol Soc. Am. 89, 435–441.
Kimani-Njogu S. W. and Overholt W. A. (1997) Biosystematics of the Cotesia flavipes species complex (Hymenoptera: Braccnidae), parasitoid of the gramineous stemborers. Insect Sci. Applic. 17, 119–130.
Mackauer M., Ehler L. E. and Roland J. (Eds) (1990) Critical Issues in Biological Control. Intercept, Andover, U.K. 330 pp.
Mohyuddin A. I. (1971) Comparative biology and ecology of Apanteles flavipes (Cam.) and A. sesamiae Cam. as parasites of graminaceous borers. Bull. Entomol. Res. 61, 33–39.
Mohyuddin A. I. (1990) Biological control of Chilo spp. in maize, sorghum and millet. Insect Sci. Applic. 11, 721–732.
Ngi-Song A. J., Overholt W. A. and Stouthamer R. (1998) Suitability of Busseola fusca and Sesamia calamistis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for the development of two populations of Cotesia sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Kenya. Biological Control 12, 208–214.
O’Neill S. L., Giordano R., Colbert A.M.E. and Robertson H.M. (1992) 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis of the bacterial endosymbionts associated with cytoplasmic incompatibility in insects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 2699–2702.
O’Niell S. L. and Karr T. L. (1990) Bidirectional incompatibility between conspecific populations of Drosophila simulans. Nature 348, 178–180.
Onyango F. O. and Ochieng-Odero J. P. R. (1994) Continuous rearing of the maize stemborer Busseola fusca on an artificial. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 73, 139–144.
Overholt W. A. (1997) Mass rearing, release and evaluation of entomophagous insects for biological control. Afr. J. Prot. 7, 1–5.
Overholt W. A., Ochieng J. O. Lammers P. M. and Ogedah K. (1994) Rearing and field release methods for Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae ), a parasitoid of tropical gramineous stemborers. Insect Sci. Applic. 15, 253–259.
Polaszek A. and Walker A. K. (1991) The Cotesia flavipes species complex: parasitoids of cereal stemborers in the tropics. Redia 74, 335–341.
Rousset F., Vautrin D. and Solignac M. (1992) Molecular identification of Wolbachia, the agent of cytoplasmic incompatibility in Drosophila simulans, and variability in relation with host mitochondrial types. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 247, 163–168.
Schulthess S., Bosque-Perez N. A., Chabi-Olaye A., Gounou S., Ndemah R. and Goergen G. (1997) Exchange of natural enemies of the lepidopteran cereal stemborers between African regions. Insect Sci. Applic. 17, 97–108.
Stouthamer R., Breeuwer J. A. J., Luck R. F. and Hurst G. D. D. (1999) Wolbachia pipientis: Microbial manipulator of arthropod reproduction. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 53, 71–102.
Tsagkarakou A., Guillemaud F., Rousset F. and Navajas M. (1996) Molecular identification of Wolbachia endosymbiont in a Tetranycus urticae strain (Acari: Tetranychidae). Insect Mol. Biol. 5, 217–221.
Werren J. H. (1997) Biology of Wolbachia. Annu. Rev. Enlomol. 42, 587–609.
Werren J. H., Zhang W. and Guo L. R. (1995) Evolution and phylogeny of Wolbachia; reproductive parasites of arthropods. Proc. Roy. Soc. London (Bio.). 261, 55–63.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ngi-Song, A.J., Mochiah, M.B. Polymorphism for Wolbachia Infections in Eastern and Southern African Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Populations. Int J Trop Insect Sci 21, 369–374 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1017/S174275840000847X
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S174275840000847X
Key Words
- biological control
- Braconidae
- cytoplasmic incompatibility
- parasitoid population
- Wolbachia infection
- Cotesia sesamiae
- Hymenoptera


