Abstract
The study showed three generations of the olive fruit fly from June to November 1984. Eggs were first detected in the Shami variety in early June. There were three peaks of eggs found in almost all varieties in late June, late August and late October. Highest number of larvae was found in Santa in July, and Ascolano and Kheli in August. There were no significant differences in the number of larvae per 100 infested fruits between all varieties during the first generation except Nabali. Pupae inside the fruits first appeared in Shami in July. The number of pupae inside the fruits was high in all varieties in August. Holes made by larvae falling to the soil for pupation were recorded in early August in all varieties, except Nabali where they appeared in late August and early September. During the second generation the highest number of larvae was found in Ascolano, Santa and Rase’e varieties. The recorded parasites were Opius concolor, Eupolmus urozonus, Tetrastichus sp., Trichostereresis glabra, and Lasioglassum sp. The most abundant parasites were O. concolor and Tetrastichus sp.
Résumé
Les études montrent 3 générations. Les premiers oeufs furent trouvés dans la variété “Shami” au début du mois de juin. Les trois plus grandes quantités d’oeufs furent trouvées dans presque toutes les variétés vers la fin de juin, d’août et d’octobre. Une grande quantité de larves se trouva en juillet dans “Santa” et en aout dans “Ascolano” et “Khlei”. A l’exception de “Nabali” ile ne se trouve pas des differences significante et les quantités de larves furent á peu prés égales dans toutes les variétés pendant la première génération. En juillet les premiers chysalides apparurent á l’intérieur des fruits de la variété “Shami”. Elles se développerent au maximum dans toutes les variétés en août. Des trous causaient par les larves apparurent au début d’août dans toutes les variétés, á l’exception de “Nabali” ou elles n’apparurent que á la fin d’août et début septembre.
Durant la deuxieme genération, le plus grand nombre de larves se trouva dans “Ascolano”, “Santa” et la variétés de “Rase”.
Les parasites détectés furent: Opius concolor, Eupolmus urozonus, Tetrastichus sp., Trichostereresis glabra, et Lasioglossum sp. Les parasites les plus abondants furent O. concolor et Tetrastichus sp
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abu-Yaman I. K. (1963) Population fluctuation of Dacus oleae Gmelin, and seasonal conditions. Prospect of Iraq Biology 3, 22–34.
Al-Zaghal Kh. and Mustafa T. M. (1986) Flight activity of the olive fruit fly in Jordan. Z. ang. Ent. 102, 58–62.
Arafat A., Farhoon H., El-Twall A. and Assaf A. (1977) Population dynamics of the olive fruit fly in Irbed and Salt (in Arabic). Research Report of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Jordan, 1976–1977, 67–95.
Arambourg Y. (1984) The tree entomological fauna. O/ivae 1, 38–40.
Armstrong J. W. (1983) infestation biology of three fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species on “Brazilian”,’ Valéry ‘and ‘Williams’ cultivars of Banana in Hawaii. J. econ. Ent. 76, 539–543.
Avidov Z. and Harpaz J. (1969) Plant Pest of Israel. Israel Univ. Press Jerusalem.
Bigler V. V. and Delucchi V. (1981) Main mortality factors affecting prepupal development of the olive fly, Dacus oleae Gmel. (Dipt. Tephritidae) on Oleaster and cultivated olives in Western Crete, Greece. Z. ang. Ent. 92, 343–363.
Delrio G. and Cavalloro R. (1977) Observations on the life cycle and the population dynamics of Dacus oleae Gmelin in Liguria. Redia 60, 221–353.
Haniotakis G. G. and Voyabjoglou A. V. (1978) Oviposition regulation in Dacus Oleae by various olive fruit characters. Ent. Exp. Appl. 24, 187–192.
McFadden M. W., Kapatos E., Pappas S. and Carvounis G. (1977) Ecological studies on the olive fly Dacus oleae Gmel. in Corfu. 1: The yearly life cycle. Boll. Lab. Ent Agr. Portici 34, 43–50.
Neuenschwander P. and Michelakis S. (1978) The infestation of Dacus oleae (Gmel.) (Diptera, Tephritidae) at harvest time and its influence on yield and quality of olive oil in Crete. Z. ang. Ent. 86, 420–433.
Prokopy R. R. and Haniotakis G. E. (1976) Host detection by wild and labcultured olive flies. Symp. Biol. Hung. 16, 209–214.
Sharaf N. S. (1980) Life history of the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae (Gmel.) (Diptera: Tephritidae), and its damage to olive fruits in Tripolithania. Z. ang. Ent. 89, 390–400.
Talhouk A. M. (1969) Insects and mites injurious to crops in Middle East Countries. Verlage Paula Parey Hambourg and Berlin, Germany.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mustafa, T.M., Al-Zaghal, K. Frequency of Dacus oleae (Gmelin) Immature Stages and their Parasites in Seven Olive Varieties in Jordan. Int J Trop Insect Sci 8, 165–169 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758400007165
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758400007165