Abstract
Results of 7 years’ experiments conducted in South China indicated that root-zone application of systemic insecticides effectively controlled nearly all the potential insect pests of rice—the yellow stem-borer, the striped stem-borer, the pink borer, the rice leaf folder, the rice gall midge, the brown planthopper, the greem leafhopper, the rice thrip and the rice weevil. Altogether, 16 compounds have been evaluated for the control of various species. Applications of carbofuran mixed with derivatives of nereistoxin (padan, thiocyclam or dimehypo) in the root-zone were found to be most effective against the major insect pests. The merits and demerits of root-zone applications has been discussed in this paper.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abrahamson L. P. et al. (1977) Control of certain insect pests in cotton-wood nurseries with the systemic insecticides carbofuran. J. econ. Ent. 70, 89–91.
Aquino G. B. and Pathak M. D. (1976) Enhanced absorption and persistence of carbofuran and chlorimeform in rice plant on root-zone application under flood condition. J. econ. Ent. 69, 686.
Aquino G. B., Heinrichs E. A., Chelliah S., Arceo M., Valencia S. and Fabellar L. (1979) Recent developments in the chemical control of the brown planthopper Ni-laparvata lugens (Stahl). IRRI Saturday Seminar 10 Feb. Manila, Philippines.
Bowling C. C. (1970) Lateral movement, uptake and retention of carbofuran applied to flooded rice plants. J. econ. Ent. 63, 239–242.
Cantele W. W. and Kovitvadhi K. (1967) Effectiveness of insecticides applied to the root area of rice plants in controlling rice gall midge. J. econ. Ent. 60, 109–111.
Chiu Shin-Foon, Huang Zhang-Xin, Huang Duan-Ping, Huang Bing-Qui and Xu Mu-Chang (1980) Studies on the principles of root-zone application of systemic insecticides and its effectiveness on the control of rice insects. J. South China Agric. Coll. 1, 1–32 (In Chinese with English Summary).
Chiu Shin-Foon, Luo Qi-Hao, Xu Mu-Chang and Hu Mei-Ying (1981) Further studies on the principle of root-zone application of systemic insecticides. Acta phy-tophylacica sinica 8, 275–284 (In Chinese with English Summary).
Choi S. Y. et al. (1977) Placement of insecticides in the root zone of the plants for rice insect control. Kor. J. Pl. Prot. 16, 155–161.
Department of Plant Protection, South-China Agricultural College (1978) Experiments on the root-zone application of systemic insecticide for the control of rice insect pests. Kwangtung J. agric. Sci. 3, 21–33 (In Chinese).
Ercegorich C. D. et al. (1972) Disappearance of N-(4-chloro-O-toyl)-N. N-dimethyl formamidine from six major fruit crops. J. agric. Fd Chem. 20, 565–568.
Fest C. and Schmidt J. (1973) The Chemistry of Or-ganophosphorus Pesticides. Reactivity, Synthesis, Mode of Action, Toxicology. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Heinrichs A. E. (1979) Chemical control of the brown planthopper. In Brown Planthopper: Threat to Rice Production in Asia pp. 18–22. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines.
Heinrichs E. A., Aquino G. B. and McMennamy J. A. (1977) Increasing insecticide efficiency in lowland rice. Agric. Mechan. Asia 8, 41–47.
Heinrichs E. A., Fullmer O. H., Seiber J. N. and Aquino G. B. (1978) Carbofuran residues in rice grain as affected by application technique. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 3, 17.
Hirano C. and Kiritani K. (1975) Paddy ecosystem affected by nitrogenous fertilizer and insecticides. Science for Better Environment (Proceedings of the International Congress on Human Environment. Kyoto, 1975). Published by the Asahi Evening News, Tokyo, 1976, pp. 197–206.
International Rice Research Institute (1982) Insecticide Evaluation Entomology Department. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines, 142 pp.
Islam B. N. and Miah M. A. H. (1979) The control of rice stem-borers (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) by insecticides applied to the roots of rice plants. Bull. ent. Res. 69, 395–404.
Iwata I. (1973) Rice insect control by fine granular formulation of insecticides in Japan. Japan Pest. Inf. 14, 23–26.
Koyama T. (1971) Lethal mechanisms of granulated insecticides. PANS (Pest. Artic. News Aumn.) 17, 198–201.
Laveglia J. and Dahm P. A. (1977) Degradation of or-ganophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in the soil and by soil microorganism. A. Rev. Ent. 22, 483–513.
Luttge U. and Higinbotham N. (1979) Transport in Plants. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Metcalf R. L., Fukuto T. R., Collins C., Borck K., Eliaziz S., Munoz R. and Casil C. C. (1968) Metabolism of 2, 2-diraethyl-2, 3-dihydrobenzofuranyl-7-methylcarbamate (Furadan) in plants, insects and mammals. J. agric. Fd Chem. 16, 300.
Milne D. L. (1978) Control of nursery pests with dimethoate in soil. Citregraph 63, 61–62.
Pathak M. D., Encarnecion D. and Dupo H. C. (1974) Application of insecticides in the root zone of rice plants. Ind. J. Pl. Prot. 1, 1–15.
Riggenbach A. (1978) Chemical and physical properties, biological, crop protection and safety performance of ‘Evisect’. Agric. Division, Sandoz Ltd, Basle, Switzerland, 43 pp.
Seiber J. N., Heinrichs E. A., Aquino G. B., Valencia S. L., Andrade P. and Argente A. M. (1978) Residues of carbofuran applied as a systemic insecticide in irrigated wetland rice: implications for insect control. IRRI Res. Paper Series No. 17.
Sethunanthan N., Caballa S. and Pathak M. D. (1971) Absorption and translocation of diazinon by rice plants from submerged soils and paddy water and the persistence of residues in plant tissues. J. econ. Ent. 64, 571–578.
Siddiqui A. A. (1958) The practical uses of systemic insecticides. Pak. J. Sci. 10, 203–204.
Varma B. K. (1974) Control of pests by soil treatment with insecticides. PANS 20, 23–29.
Wortmann G. B. and Schafer F. (1977) The control of sucking insects with particular reference to citrus psylla (Trioza erythreae) by means of a soil applied systemic insecticide. Citrus Subtrop. Fruit J. 520, 14–16.
Xu Sinzhi and Huang Shangyung (1983) Studies on the principles of root application with meristoxin derivatives and carbofuran and its effectiveness in controlling rice insects. J. South China Agric. Coll. 2, 61–67.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chiu, SF. Experiments on Root-Zone Application of Systemic Insecticides for the Control of Rice Insects in China. Int J Trop Insect Sci 6, 1–5 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758400002587
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758400002587